65. Rickhey, “Mittelwerke G.m.b.H.,” 25.6.47, in NA, M-1079/4/146; Kahr testimony, 14.10.47, and Bannasch testimony, 10.12.47, in NA, M-1079/8/586–87, 814–17; Simon to Rudolph and Haukohl, 18.4.48, in NA, M-1079/14/778; OSI interrogation of Rudolph, 13.10.82, in Franklin, An American, 266–69.
66. Stuhlinger and Ordway, Wernher von Braun, 103–5; Stuhlinger, “Gathering Momentum,” 118.
67. Rickhey minutes, 6.5.44, in NASM, FE331; quotation from Boerner testimony, 10.12.47, in NA, M-1079/10/786–87; Rickhey, “Mittelwerke G.m.b.H.,” 25.6.47, in NA, M-1079/4/145–46; Bower, Paperclip Conspiracy, 107.
68. WvB to Sawatzki, 15.8.44, in NASM, FE694/a.
69. Kettler and Förschner order, 8.1.44, in BA, NS4 Anhang/3 (emphasis in the original); Béon, La planète Dora, 78–80; Bornemann and Broszat, “Das KL,” 194.
70. Bannasch testimony, 10.12.47, in NA, M-1079/10/820; interrogation of H. R. Friedrich, 28.5.47, in NA, M-1079/1/424, and same of G. Hobert, 14.4.45, in NA, M-1079/4/794–95; Archives of the United Nations War Crimes Commission, file no. 1192/Fr/G/523, obtained from OSI; OSI interrogation of Rudolph, 13.10.82, in Franklin, An American, 238–40, 276; Hunt, Secret Agenda, 74–75, 254; Bornemann and Broszat, “Das KL,” 188–90.
71. Kloeckner testimony, 11–12.12.47, in NA, M-1079/10/943; Ordway and Sharpe, Rocket Team, 405–8; Irving, Mare’s Nest, 220–22.
72. Hölsken, V-Waffen, 131–37; Irving, Mare’s Nest, 233–39, 285–88; Speer minutes, 19–22.6.44 and 21–23.9.44, in Boelcke, Deutschlands Rüstung, 386, 413.
73. Storch to Kammler, 21.8.44, in NASM, FE692/f.
74. Von Bullion/L Flak 3 minutes, 14.1.43 meeting with Wa Prüf 11, in NASM, FE755/6; Von Renz/L Flak minutes, 16.1.43 meeting, in NASM, FE738/1; Flak dev. meeting, 1.3.43, in NA, T-321/160/185; “Untersuchung eines Vorprojektes für Cl,” 5.3.43, NASM, Arch. 63/32; Kurzweg, “Die aerodynamische Entwicklung der Flakrakete ‘Wasserfall’,” 15.3.45, NASM, Arch. 66/171.
75. Kurzweg, “Die aerodynamische Entwicklung…,” 15.3.45, NASM, Arch. 66/171; WvB and Grünewald minutes, 8.9.43 meeting, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1300; Reichel, “Die femgesteuerte Flabrakete,” 570.
76. Reichel, “Die femgesteuerte Flabrakete,” 571–73; Raithel OHI, 17–19.
77. Flak development meeting, 1.3.43, in NA, T-321/160/186; WD Aktennotiz, 29.5.43, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1954; minutes of 8–11.8.43 meetings in NASM, FE755/6; Oeckel/Henschel to WvB, 28.8.43, and WvB minutes, 19.11.43 meeting, in NASM, FE738/1.
78. Von Renz/L Flak to Milch, 13.1.43, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1235; Flak development meetings, 1.3., 22.7., and 19.8.43, in NA, T-321/160/188, 245, 258; Hölsken, V-Waffen, 48–49.
79. Roth to Riedel III, 28.1.44, in NASM, FE754; WvB minutes, 19.11.43 meeting, in NASM, FE738/1.
80. Roth to Riedel III, 28.1.44, in NASM, FE754; Reichel, “Die femgesteuerte Flabrakete,” 571–72; Halder(?), “Vortragsnotiz,” 10.1.44, in NA, T-321/154/235; WvB to Halder, 22.4.44, in NASM, FE738/1; Heller minutes, 21.7.44 meeting, in DM, GD664.6.2.
81. Roth to Riedel III, 28.1.44, in NASM, FE354; WvB to Kunze, 21.8.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1300.
82. WvB minutes, 26.9.42 meeting, and WD to Luftwaffe, 22.10.42, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1258; Zeyss/Wa Prüf 11 minutes, 8.2.43 meeting, in NASM, FE738/1; Thiry report, 24.7.43, in NASM, FE701; Roth minutes, 30.9.43 meeting, in NASM, FE755/6; Roth to Riedel III, 28.1.44, in NASM, FE754; E. W Kutscher, “… Infrared Homing Devices,” in Benecke and Quick, History, 201–17.
83. König, “Vorläufiger Einsatz der Fla.-R Wasserfall,” 26.10.43, and prox. fuse documents in NASM, FE753/a; homing device documents in NASM, FE679, 680, 681, 682, 683; contracts list as of 15.8.44 in DM, (FE1224/1); F. v. Rautenfeld, “… Proximity Fuses,” in Benecke and Quick, History, 218–37.
84. Roth to Riedel III, 28.1.44, in NASM, FE754; König (Grünewald), “Bericht Nr. 10,” 17.8.43, and König, “Vorläufiger Einsatz…,” 26.10.43, in NASM, FE753/a; H. Wagner, “… A. Henschel Missiles,” J. Dantscher, “Guided Missiles Radio Remote Control,” and E. W Kutscher, “Guidance of Surface-to-Air Missiles…,” in Benecke and Quick, History, 8–23, 109–124, 187–200.
85. Correspondence and meeting minutes on Wasserfall manufacturing, 14.5.43–27.5.44, in NASM, FE738/1; WvB to Kunze, 21.8.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1300; Schabel, “Wunderwaffen?” 75–76.
86. Flak development meeting, 18.1.43, in NA, T-321/160/175–76; Thiry report, 24.7.43, NASM, FE701; minutes of 30.9.43 meeting in NASM, FE755/6; Roth minutes, 18.12.43 meeting, in NASM, FE700/a; launch report, 9.3.44, Roth to König, 14.3.44, and reply, 24.3.44, in NASM, FE753/c; Klee and Merk, Birth, 68.
87. Hild minutes, 7.3.44 meeting, in BA/MA, RH8/v.1296; Roth minutes, 16.5.44 meeting, NASM, FE699/g; Dolezal report, 10.6.44, and Minnig(?) report, 23.8.44, in NASM, FE753/c; WD, “European Rocketry,” 258; Roth minutes, 17.7.44 meeting, DM, GD660.0.10; Steinhoff to T10, 23.6.44, in BA/MA, RH8/V.1278; Irving, Mare’s Nest, 263–69.
88. König to Roth, 1.5.44, and reply, 19.5.44, in NASM, FE753/c; Werrel, Archie, 41; Ludwig, “Flakraketen,” 93–94.
8. Rockets, Inc.
1. Hoffmann, History, 377, 397–508, 528.
2. Speer office chronicle, 20.9.44, in BA, R3/1740. Schneider did not, however, get his job back.
3. Joachim Fest quoted in Hölsken, V-Waffen, 72; Himmler to Kammler, 6.8.44, in NA, T-175/122/2648275.
4. WD, V-2, 209; Hölsken, V-Waffen, 72.
5. Bornemann, Geheimprojekt, 68, 73–74.
6. WD, V-2, 208–10; Speer to Leeb, Kammler, Degenkolb, Rickhey, and MW Beirat, 12.5.44, and WD to Fromm, 31.5.44, in BA/MA, RH8/V.3730 (=IWM, M.I.14/861(V)).
7. WD, V-2, 208–9; WD to Fromm, 31.5.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.3730.
8. WD to Fromm, 31.5.44, in BA/MA, RH8/v.3730; WD, V-2, 208–9; “Die Aufgaben der Elektromechanischen Werke G.m.b.H. (EMW),” 28.6.44, and Rees to Storch, 6.7.44, in NASM, FE692/f.
9. Rees to Storch, 6.7.44, and Storch to Kammler, 21.8.44, in NASM, FE692/f; International Tracing Service, Verzeichnis, 1:237.
10. Excerpt from Ordnance orders, 28.7.44, in DM, (FE1224/1); Rossmann to Storch, 12.11.44, in DM; WD, V-2, 209; interview with Mr. and Mrs. Manfred Schubert, Dr. and Mrs. Hans Geipel, and Mr. and Mrs. Gerhard Zanssen, 1990; Leo Zanssen, autobiographical chronology, c. 1966, courtesy of Gerhard Zanssen.
11. EW GmbH Organizational plan, 1.8.44, NASM, FE424, and same, 1.10.44, NASM, FE423; Huzel, Peenemünde, 123–26; Dannenberg OHI, 60–61; Rees OHI, 39–41.
12. Kammler to Thom, 16.8.44, and Kammler to WD, 18.8.44, in BA/MA, RH8/V.3730; WD, V-2, 210–11, 238.
13. WD, V-2, 236–39; Kammler (Thom?) order, 12.9.44, and Mayer “Vermerk” on Thom-Hübner phone conversation, 28.9.44, in IWM, M.I.14/861(V); Irving, Mare’s Nest, 282–83; Villain, “France,” 2; Hölsken, V-Waffen, 138–42, 259n. According to Hölsken, unit records show that two missiles were launched against London on September 7. The fact that the first impacts were recorded on September 8 near Paris at 11 A.M. and near London at 6:43 P.M. shows that the preceding day’s attempts must have gone astray.