the triumph began with an essay, “The Triumph of the Absurd,” in C. Edwards
and G. Woolf, eds., Rome the Cosmopolis (Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2003); some of that material is reworked here.
Illustration Credits
Fro n t i s p i e c e (caption on p. iv): G. B. Tiepolo, The Triumph of Marius, 1729. 5558.8 x 326.7 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rogers Fund,
1965 (65.183.1) Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Fi g u re 1 :
Boris Drucker, So far so good. Let’s hope we win. © The New Yorker
Collection 1988 Boris Drucker from cartoonbank.com. All Rights Reserved.
Fi g u re 2 :
Bronze vessel (krater), late second–early first century bce, inscribed
as a gift of Mithradates VI Eupator (reigned 120–63 bce). Handles and foot
restored. 70 cm. Rome: Musei Capitolini, Inv. MC 1068.
Fi g u re 3 :
Aureus, minted at Rome c80, 71 or 61 bce. RRC 402. 1b. © Copy-
right the Trustees of the British Museum.
Fi g u re 4 :
Reverse types of denarii, minted at Rome, 56 bce. RRC 426, 3 and
4b. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.
Fi g u re
5 :
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Theatre of Pompey
(based on the 1851 study by Luigi Canina), created by Martin Blazeby, King’s
College, University of London. Courtesy of Richard Beacham.
Fi g u re 6 :
Colossal male statue (“Palazzo Spada Pompey”). First century bce–
first century ce; head modern. 345 cm. Salone del trono, Palazzo Spada,
Rome. Alinari / Art Resource, NY.
Illustration Credits
421
Fi g u re
7 :
C’est la deduction du sumpteux order plaisantz spectacles et
magnifiques theatres dresses . . . par les citoiens de Rouen . . . a la sacrée
maieste du tres christian roy de France, Henry seco[n]d . . . (Rouen, 1551), F,
2r. Courtesy Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Fi g u re
8 :
Passage relief from Arch of Titus, Rome (“Triumph of Titus”),
early 80s ce. 202 x 392 cm. Scala / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 9 :
Passage relief from Arch of Titus, Rome (“Spoils relief ”), early 80s
ce. 202 x 392 cm. Werner Forman / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 1 0 :
Arch of Trajan at Beneventum (Benevento), 114–118 ce. Scala /
Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re
1 1 :
Silver cup from Boscoreale (“Tiberius cup”), c. 7 bce or later.
Height, 10 cm. Musée du Louvre, Paris, Inv. BJ 2367. Réunion des Musées
Nationaux / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re
1 2 :
“The Triumph of Love,” engraving from a design by M. van
Heemskerck, 1565. 19.2 x 26.4 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, RP-P-1891-A-
16463.
Fi g u re 1 3 :
From O. Panvinio, Amplissimi ornatissimiq triumphi (Rome, 1618;
copy of earlier edition, Antwerp, c. 1560); engravings after M. van
Heemskerck. Courtesy Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Fi g u re
1 4 :
Sala della Lupa, Palazzo dei Conservatori, Musei Capitolini,
Rome. Werner Forman / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 1 5 :
C. Huelsen, reconstruction of the Regia (showing the placement
of the Fasti Capitolini), CIL I, 1, 2nd ed., pl. 16 (from Degrassi, Inscr. It, XIII, 1, pl. IV). Courtesy of the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Rome.
Fi g u re 1 6 :
A. Degrassi and G. Gatti, reconstruction of the Augustan Arch
commemorating the battle of Actium, late first century bce (showing the
placement of the Fasti Capitolini), RPAA 21, 1945–46, 93, Fig. 11 (from Degrassi, Inscr. It. XIII, 1, pl. IX). Courtesy of the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, Rome.
Fi g u re 1 7 :
Relief showing the triumph of Trajan. Early second century ce.
169 x 117 cm. Museo Prenestino Barberiano, Palestrina. Inv. 6520. Alinari /
Art Resource, NY.
Illustration Credits
422
Fi g u re 1 8 :
Reverse of aureus, minted in Spain 17–16 bce. BMCRE I, Augus-
tus no. 432. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.
Fi g u re 1 9 :
Reverse of denarius, minted at Rome, 101 bce. RRC 326, 1. ©
Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.
Fi g u re
2 0 :
K. T. von Piloty, Thusnelda in the Triumphal Procession of
Germanicus. 1873. Oil on canvas. 490 x 710 cm. Neue Pinakothek, Munich,
Inv. WAF 771. Foto Marburg / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 2 1 :
M. Pfanner, Der Titusbogen (Mainz: Verlang Philipp von Zabern,
1983), supplementary ill. 3. Drawing courtesy of M. Pfanner.
Fi g u re 2 2 :
Detail from small frieze of the Arch of Trajan at Beneventum.
Alinari / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 2 3 :
Detail from fragmentary frieze of the Temple of Apollo Sosianus,
Rome. 34–25 bce. Height, 86 cm. Musei Capitolini, Rome, Inv. 2776.
Fi g u re 2 4 :
Campana plaque, showing prisoners in a triumph. Early second
century ce. 32.5 x 39 cm. British Museum, London, GR 1805.7-3.342,
Terracotta D625 (Townley collection). HIP / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 2 5 :
“Sleeping Ariadne.” Roman version of Greek original, third–sec-
ond century bce. Length, 195 cm. Pio Clementino, Vatican Museums. Inv.
548. Scala / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 2 6 :
Fragmentary relief, showing “prisoners” and trophy, late second
century ce. 114 x 103 cm. Museo Nazionale Romano (Terme di Diocleziano)
Inv. 8640. Rome. Alinari / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re
2 7 :
A. Mantegna, Triumphs of Caesar IX, Caesar on his triumphal
chariot, 1484–92. 270.4 x 280.7 cm. The Royal Collection © 2007, Her
Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Hampton Court Palace, London, RCIN
403966.
Fi g u re 2 8 :
A. Mantegna, Triumphs of Caesar II, The bearers of standards and
siege equipment, 1484–92. 266 x 278 cm. The Royal Collection © 2007,
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Hampton Court Palace, London, RCIN
403959.
Fi g u re 2 9 :
A. Mantegna, Triumphs of Caesar I, The picture-bearers, 1484–92.
266 x 278 cm. The Royal Collection © 2007, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth
II, Hampton Court Palace, London, RCIN 403958.
Illustration Credits
423
Fi g u re 3 0 :
Detail from fragmentary frieze of the Arch of Titus, Rome, early
80s ce. Schwanke, Neg. D–DAI–Rom 1979. 2324.
Fi g u re 3 1 :
The triumph of Marcus Aurelius, 176–80 ce. 350 x 238 cm. Musei
Capitolini, Rome, Inv. MC 808. Erich Lessing / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 3 2 :
Relief panel from vault of the Arch of Titus, early 80s ce. Alinari /
Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re 3 3 :
Painting from room n, House of the Vettii (VI, 15, 1), Pompeii,
62–79 ce. Scala / Art Resource, NY.
Fi g u re
3 4 :
“Of the Monument of Philopappus . . . The elevation of the
front, restored so far as the authorities we found will justify.” J. Stuart and
N. Revett, The Antiquities of Athens (London, 1794), chap. V, pl. III.
Fi g u re 3 5 :
E. Dupérac (d. 1604), engraving of sarcophagus in the Maffei col-