“Military experience?” asked Aina.
“A significant percentage of arsonists have military experience.
Until I can show otherwise, I’m starting with the hypothesis that ours does too. He doesn’t seem to start the fires for profit or to mask another crime. And since he doesn’t stick around to watch the buildings burn, I doubt he’s doing it for the thrill. He has another motive, though I’m not sure yet what it is.”
“Let’s not forget timing,” I said. “Each of the fires, except for this fire last night, was set when the wind was less than ten miles per hour. That’s rare in San Diego.”
“So what changed his pattern?” Lien-hua asked.
“Well, Agent Jiang.” I cracked my knuckles. “That’s what I’m here to figure out.”
She shook her head. “You’ve been watching too many cop movies.”
I was trying to think of a witty reply when Aina paused at the threshold of the living room and asked, “So, how many fires have you worked?” She directed the question to both of us.
“Enough,” I said.
“Not so many,” replied Lien-hua. “My specialty is serial homicides.”
“Well,” said Aina, “a few basics. If we can identify the direction and spread of the fire, we can narrow down the most likely location of its origin.” She pointed at the wall. “Heat transfers from the flame to the surface of the walls or the ceiling. The farther the flames move from the fuel package, the less heat they’ll have, and the less damage they’ll cause.”
Lien-hua’s eyes scanned the room like careful lasers. Beautifully dark, mysteriously inviting lasers. Then she pointed. “So, here, the wallpaper is scorched and peeling…” She stepped into the room beside us, looked over the walls again. “But here, the wallpaper at that same height is gone, and the fire ate into the drywall. So, this room is probably closer to the place the fire started.”
I love watching her work.
Actually, I don’t mind watching her, whatever she’s doing.
“Si,” Aina said. “Of course, other factors can affect heat flow-the building materials, room layout, airflow, and so on, but the extent of surface damage is one of the first things we look for.”
As we picked our way through the corpse of a home, it struck me how similar Aina’s job is to mine. Both of us evaluate the evidence, study the way something moves through space and time, and then use what we know about patterns to pinpoint the point of origin.
She studies the flow and movement of smoke and flames; I study the flow and movement of people. But the principle is still the same.
The secret to solving a case boils down to timing and location.
I heard a ring tone. Aina glanced down, tugged her phone off her belt. “Excuse me, I need to take this. You two look around. I’ll be back in a minute.”
Lien-hua and I stepped carefully past some blackened boards. Nearly all of the structural supports and door frames were still in place, but most of them were at least partially charred by the blaze.
I directed Lien-hua’s attention to the ceiling on both sides of a door frame. “See how only one side is covered with soot?”
She walked back and forth beneath the doorjamb, examining the ceiling on each side. “Yes.”
“Buoyant gases move though the air similar to the way water flows down a river,” I said. “When water meets a rock, it passes around the rock, and then some of the water curls back toward the rock.”
“You sound like an ex-raft guide.”
“Guilty as charged.”
“It’s called an eddy, right?”
I nodded. “Sometimes the eddies are so strong the water actually flows back upstream. That’s what happens when hot gases pass through a building. As the gas passes through a doorway, some of it curls back toward the ceiling, creating an eddy of air that doesn’t consume the wood but leaves a sooty residue. By identifying these eddies, we can work backward through a structure-”
“To find the source of the fire.”
“Right.”
We passed through several more rooms, Lien-hua carefully observing the eddies above the doorjambs, working with surprising acuity to lead us to a room at the back of the house. From the evidence I’d seen so far, I agreed that this room was probably the source of the blaze. “Not bad for a profiler,” I said.
“Yeah, well, this environmental stuff isn’t that complex. Maybe I should write a novel about it.”
“Touche.”
The electricity in the house was off, but enough sunlight cut through the window for us to see around the room. I noted that the glass in the window frames was still intact. With an exacting gaze, Lien-hua traced a line up the wall toward the ceiling. “These marks, here; what do they mean?”
“The fire plume made those. Usually, when you find them, they indicate proximity to the point of origin.”
I heard Aina’s footsteps by the doorway. “Very good, Dr. Bowers,” she said. “When a fire is started against a wall, the wall does two things: it reflects heat and doesn’t allow the cooler air to escape the blaze. This creates a taller flame than a similar fire with the same heat release rate located in the middle of a room. In corners, the effect is increased, creating an even higher fire plume. And see how the floor directly beneath the plume is consumed? That’s where he put the accelerant.”
I examined the room. “But this room isn’t extensively damaged, never reached full involvement. Not like the point of origin for the other fires.”
“That’s because he used a different accelerant this time, probably gasoline.”
Lien-hua looked confused. “How can you tell?”
“Gasoline flares up, burns very rapidly,” Aina said. “It devours all the oxygen in the room before the rest of the materials in the room become hot enough to ignite. It’s a sloppy, beginner’s way to start a fire. In the movies, arsonists slosh gasoline around, toss in a cigarette, and voom! But that’s not how the professionals do it. To start an effective fire, you need a fuel package that’ll burn longer.”
“Lien-hua,” I said, “are you sure our arsonist is working alone?”
“Not certain,” she said. “But up until now, that’s where everything has pointed.”
“Do we know anything about the accelerants for the other fires yet?” I asked Aina.
She shook her head. “Not yet. Chromatograms were inconclusive. We’re tracking purchases of acetone and methylated spirits in the days prior to each fire, but so far, nothing solid.”
I scanned the room. Out the window, I had a direct sight line to the street corner that John Doe had rounded before he jumped onto the hood of my rental car. I gazed at the fire’s point of origin again. “The fire’s placement in the room isn’t right either,” I said.
“On the flight from Denver, I looked over the building diagrams that you sent me, Aina-the ones from the other fires-and our arsonist likes to use vents, stairwells, windows, the natural airflow through a building, to keep feeding his fires oxygen. But the guy last night, he started the fire along an exterior wall, with no consideration of airflow.” I pointed. “He didn’t even open the window.
Taking into account the change in accelerant and inefficient point of origin-”
“It’s not the same guy,” Lien-hua said.
“That’s what I’ve been thinking too,” said Aina.
The evidence at this scene certainly seemed to point to a different offender, but I wasn’t convinced. “And yet this home’s location makes perfect sense in relationship to the other fires. That’s what’s got me. If it wasn’t him, how did the guy last night know to start the fire on this street?”
“Coincidence?” Aina said.
“I don’t believe in coincidences,” I said.
She tapped at her phone. “I really have to go. We found the person who called in the fire. I’d like to speak to her. I’ll get back in touch with you.”