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On cultural changes in Peter I's time: James Cracraft, The Petrine Revolution in Russian Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004); Elizabeth Clara Sander, Social Dancing in Peter the Great's Russia: Observations by Holstein Nobleman Friedrich Wilhelm Von Bergholz, 1721 to 1725 (Hildesheim: G. Olms, 2007); Lindsey Hughes, "'The Crown of Maidenly Honour and Virtue': Redefining Femininity in Peter I's Russia," in Wendy Rosslyn, ed., Women and Gender in 18th-Century Russia (Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2003), 35-49. Translation of Petrine etiquette book: N. S. Kollmann, "Etiquette for Peter's Time: The Honorable Mirror for Youth," Russian History 35 (2008): 63-83.

On the eighteenth-century Russian nobility: Jerome Blum, Lord and Peasant in Russia: From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971); John P. LeDonne, Absolutism and Ruling Class: The Formation of the Russian Political Order, 1700-1825 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991) and his Ruling Russia: Politics and Administration in the Age of Absolutism, 1762-1796 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984); Robert Edward Jones, The Emancipation of the Russian Nobility, 1762-1785 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973); Michelle Lamarche Marrese, A Woman's Kingdom: Noblewomen and the Control of Property in Russia, 1700-1861 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002); B. N. Mironov and Ben Eklof, The Social History of Imperial Russia, 1700-1917 (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2000).

Marc Raeff's ground-breaking work on Russia in the eighteenth century includes Origins of the Russian Intelligentsia: The Eighteenth Century Nobility (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966), Understanding Imperial Russia: State and Society in the Old Regime (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984), and The Well-Ordered Police State: Social and Institutional Change through Law in the Germanies and Russia, 1600-1800 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983). Some of Iurii Lotman's and Boris Uspenskii's influential essays are translated in The Semiotics ofRussian Cultural History, ed. A. D. Nakhimovsky and A. S. Nakhimovsky (Ithaca, NY, and London: Cornell University Press, 1985) and in Iu. M. Lotman, Boris Andreevich Uspenskii, and Ann Shukman, The Semiotics ofRussian Culture (Ann Arbor: Dept. of Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Michigan, 1984). See also Viktor Zhivov's essays: Boris Uspenskij and Viktor Zhivov, "Tsar and God" and Other Essays in Russian Cultural Semiotics, ed. Marcus C. Levitt (Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2012).

Responses to these paradigms and further studies include Michael Confino's reaction to Raeff: "Histoire et psychologie: a propos de la noblesse russe au XVIIIe siecle," Annales: EconomiesSocietesCivilisation 22 (1967): 1163-205. Elise Kimerling Wirtschafter, The Play of Ideas in Russian Enlightenment Theater (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003), Russia's Age of Serfdom 1649-1861 (Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Pub., 2008), and Religion and Enlightenment in Catherinian Russia: The Teachings of Metropolitan Platon (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2013); Cynthia H. Whittaker, Russian Monarchy: Eighteenth-Century Rulers and Writers in Political Dialogue (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003); O. E. Glagoleva, Dream and Reality of Russian Provincial Young Ladies, 1700-1850 (Pittsburgh: Center for Russian & Eastern European Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 2000); Angela Rustemeyer, Dissens undEhre: Majestatsverbrechen in Russland (1600-1800) (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2006); Thomas Newlin, The Voice in the Garden: Andrei Bolotov and the Anxieties of Russian Pastoral, 1738-1833 (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2001); Stephen Lessing Baehr, The Paradise Myth in Eighteenth-Century Russia: Utopian Patterns in Early Secular Russian Literature and Culture (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford

University Press, 1991); Andreas Schonle, "Garden of the Empire: Catherine's Appropriation of the Crimea," Slavic Review 60 (2001): 1-23.

On landlords and serfs, see Priscilla Roosevelt, Life on the Russian Country Estate: A Social and Cultural History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995); Douglas Smith, The Pearclass="underline" A True Tale of Forbidden Love in Catherine the Great's Russia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008).

On education: Jan Kusber, "Individual, Subject, and Empire: Toward a Discourse on Upbringing, Education, and Schooling in the Time of Catherine II," Ab Imperio 2 (2008): 125-56; Anna Kuxhausen, From the Womb to the Body Politic: Raising the Nation in Enlightenment Russia (Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2013). J. L. Black includes a translation of the handbook for Catherinian school reforms, "The Duties of Man and Citizen," in Citizens for the Fatherland: Education, Educators, and Pedagogical Ideals in Eighteenth Century Russia (Boulder, Colo.: East European Quarterly, 1979). Catriona Kelly explores etiquette literature: Refining Russia: Advice Literature, Polite Culture, and Gender from Catherine to Yeltsin (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), chap. 1.

On institutions of sociability and public discourse: Douglas Smith, Working the Rough Stone: Freemasonry and Society in Eighteenth-Century Russia (DeKalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1999); Raffaella Faggionato, A Rosicrucian Utopia in Eighteenth-Century Russia: The Masonic Circle of N. I. Novikov (Dordrecht: Springer, 2005); Colum Leckey, Patrons of Enlightenment: The Free Economic Society in Eighteenth- Century Russia (Newark, Del.: University of Delaware Press, 2011). On printing and intellectual life: Gary Marker, Publishing, Printing, and the Origins of Intellectual Life in Russia, 1700—1800 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Simon Franklin, "Mapping the Graphosphere: Cultures of Writing in Early 19th-Century Russia (and Before)," Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 12 (2011): 531-60.