of rulership 37, 55, 136-7, 156, 209, 270-1 supranational 3-4, 34, 129, 244 Ides, Isbrandt 178 Ignatius Loyola 413 Ilimsk 64, 85-6 Il'men, Lake 342
images/imagery 129-34, 136, 138, 140-2, 146, 155, 157, 209, 244, 253-4, 268-9, 271-3, 275-8, 280, 282-4, 290, 293, 295, 418, 440-2, 447, 452, 455,
457, 462 Inalcik, Halil 31, 66 income (of individuals) 361, 365 income (of the state) 187, 201, 204, 267, 314, 317, 320, 325-9, 333, 413-14, 458
from iasak 69
from taxes 9, 176, 200-1, 204, 325-8, 330 from trade 9, 62, 189, 194, 197, 199, 325, 327, 333
India 8, 12, 25, 32, 35-7, 52, 187, 192,
195, 199, 241, 347; see also Mughal empire, the people of/from 99, 193-4, 197, 205, 331, 385 Indian Ocean 36
indigenous peoples see native peoples Indonesia 36 Inflanty/Latgale 120 Ingelstrom, Otto Heinrich 440 Ingush 97-8
institutions of empire 79, 88, 109, 119, 124, 153-4, 156, 168, 172, 277, 296, 300, 371, 397, 403, 416, 425, 435, 445-7, 459-60; see also under administration and government Ioakim (Patriarch) 422 Ioann Alekseevich 139, 155, 212, 268 Iona (Metropolitan) 249 Iran 323, 397 Iranians 97 Iraq 32 Irbit 242 Ireland 80 Irgiz River 417
Irkutsk 64, 86,177,195,287,307,346-7,401, 434, 444
Church of the Elevation of the Cross
287-8 governor of 63 Irtysh line 59, 96, 323 Irtysh River 25, 58-60, 88, 93, 195, 236 Isaievych, Iaroslav 74 Isfahan 193-4
Islam viii, 37, 41, 48, 92, 114-15, 244, 262, 285, 397, 399-401, 407-8, 430; see also Muslims and Russian Orthodoxy, conversion to combatting 5, 70 thought of 2 l'Isle, Joseph-Nicholas de
Atlas russicus 338 Isserles, Moses 123
Istanbul 32, 141, 458; see also Constantinople Istomin, Karion 253, 269 Italy 28, 30, 34, 37, 182, 189, 284, 450 culture of 438
people from/of 66, 111, 142, 203 Iugra peoples 51 Iukagir 64, 402 Iur'ev/Dorpat 14 Iur'ev-Polskii 44
Iurii Ivanovich of Dmitrov (Prince) 148 Iurii Dmitrievich of Galich (Prince) 148
Ivan II (Prince of Moscow) 210 Ivan III (Grand Prince) 10, 12, 48-51, 130, 134, 136, 138, 141, 148-9, 173, 203
actions of 129, 260 campaigns of 179, 213 Ivan IV (Tsar) 10, 13, 27, 29, 52, 57, 97, 131-2, 136, 141, 143, 148-51, 153-5, 158, 162, 180, 203, 210, 260, 276, 281, 397 Ivan the Terrible see Ivan IV Ivangorod 50 Ivanov, Andrey 412 Ivanovo-Voznesensk 455 Izium 68
Jaffe, Mordecai 123
Jassy 192
Jassy, Treaty of 18
Javorskij, Stefan 270, 277, 410-11
Jena 118
Jenkinson, Anthony 180 Jerusalem 245, 457
Jesuits 13, 74, 78, 146, 253, 269, 337, 398,
413, 422, 452 Jews 10,34,66,73,76,83,103, 106,112, 114, 116, 120-6, 146, 288, 299, 331, 333, 359, 385, 396-7, 404-6, 408-9, 423, 452, 461; see also anti-Semitism Rabbinical Commission, the 408 Jones, Robert 300, 318, 342, 393 Joseph II (of Austria) 290, 430 Joseph-Volokolamsk monastery 202, 248 Judaism 123, 146, 244, 259, 262, 404-8;
see also Jews Ashkenazic 404 Hasidic 405-6 Rabbinical 406, 408 Talmudic 405 judges (in criminal law) 174, 233, 302-3, 306,
308, 318, 349, 443 Jungarian steppe 401
justice 4, 138-9, 155, 160, 170, 233, 275, 307,
366-7, 446; see also law, the Justice College 301, 349
kabala 223 Kabarda 57, 97, 399 Kabuzan, V. M. 399, 402 kadashevtsy 239 kadi 399
Kafadar, Camal 155
Kahan, Arcadius 318, 321, 326, 328, 361 Kalmyk khanate 93
Kalmyks viii, 13, 58-9, 67, 69-72, 90-1, 93, 95-8, 165, 178, 195, 231, 240, 290, 299, 307, 335, 347, 369-70, 398, 401, 454
Kaluga 24, 28, 165, 361, 444 Kama River 32, 51, 60, 62, 69, 79, 90,
92, 144 Kamchadals 64, 402 Kamchatka 21, 65, 85 Kamenskii, Aleksandr viii, 367, 376, 383 Kandahar 194 Kant, Immanuel 296 Kapiton 257, 419 Kappeler, Andreas 56 Karamzin, N. M. 397, 437-8, 444, 447,
454, 461 Karbardinians 97 Kardis, Treaty of 191 Karelia 15, 52, 203, 403, 417 Karelians 42, 50 Kargali 401
Karlowitz, Treaty of 17 Kashira 163 Kasimov khanate 211 Kaunas 122 Kazakh line 125 Kazakh rebellion 94
Kazakhs 13, 58-9, 66, 70, 88-91, 93-6, 98, 195, 335, 370-1, 397, 399-400, 452; see also Small Horde, the (Kazakhs) and Middle Horde, the (Kazakhs)
Kazakhstan 25, 66, 82, 84, 86, 195, 338 Kazan 11-13, 28, 34, 46, 48, 50-1, 53, 55-7, 60, 67, 79, 81, 89, 91, 143-4, 162-5, 169-70, 173, 193-5, 197, 218, 235-6, 262, 285-7, 295, 312, 323, 341, 347, 371, 383, 396-7, 399-401, 403, 430, 434, 452 campaign 223 Chancery of 65, 179 Church of the Moscow Miracle-Workers 284, 286
Church of St. Peter and Paul 284, 286
Church of St. Varlaam 144
conquest of 69, 71
Gostinnyi Dvor 285
khanate of 69
Kremlin of 285-6
Annunciation Cathedral 284 Dormition Cathedral 286 Kebir mosque 292 Keenan, Edward L. vii Keep, John 300, 344 Kerch 324, 342 Kerch, strait of 97 Kettler, Gotthard 121 Kharkiv 68, 106, 307, 431
University of 313 Khazars, the 244 Kheraskov, Mikhail
Rossiada 444 Kherson 105, 114, 298, 324, 342, 357, 407
Khiatka, Treaty of 36, 85, 196, 324 Khlynov (Viatka) 51
Khmelnytsky, Bohdan 14, 75-8, 110, 192 Khmelnytsky rebellion see Cossack rebellion, the Khodarkovsky, Michael 58, 70, 93, 262, 398 Kholmogory 25, 52-3, 171, 188, 197 kholopstvo 223; see also slavery kholopy 208, 224, 232 Khovrins, the 173 Khubilai Khan 141
Khuseinov, Mikhamedzan (Mufti) 399 Khwarazm (Khiva) 194 Kilia 401 Kirgiz 430
Kirillov, Ivan 90, 337-8, 377 Atlas 377
Kivelson, Valerie viii, 55, 170, 178-9, 261-2, 264, 451
Kizliar 97-8 Klin 226
Kliuchevskii, V. O. 44, 80, 166, 277 Kniazhnin, Iakov 445 Rosslav 444
Vadim of Novgorod 444-5 Kohut, Zenon 78, 107 Kola 52
Kollegii-Junkery 304
Kollmann, Jack viii, 24, 43, 47, 76, 85, 117,
119, 142, 144, 147, 161, 190, 196, 228, 246, 251, 272, 274, 283, 285, 286, 287, 289, 291, 322, 392, 455, 456
Kolomna 45, 164, 181, 238
Kol'skii ostrog 171
Kolyma 27
Kolyvan 86, 319
Komi 42, 47, 51
Komi-Zyriane 62
Komov, Ivan Mikhailovich 377
kontory 301, 303
Koran, the 399-400
Korb, Johann-Georg 337
Koriaks 64, 89
kormlenie 176
Korotiak 165
Kosciuszko, Tadeusz 17
Kostroma 162, 202-3, 236, 322, 361
Kovno 407
Kozelsk 67
Kozlov 68
Krasnoiarsk 62-4, 88 Krasnyi Iar 90 Kremenets 456 Krokovs'kij, Ioasaf 410 Krom, Mikhail viii Kronstadt 297, 342 Krylov, Ivan 278 Kuban River 18, 58, 96-8, 105, 115, 371
Kuchum 34, 46, 57 Kuchum, Khan 60, 62 Ku^uk-Kaynarca 18, 324 Kudai Kul 430 kumys 96
Kurakin, Alexander, Prince 440, 442
Kurakin, Boris, Prince 277
Kursk 24, 67, 219, 335-6, 356-8, 360-1, 431
Kusber, Jan 433, 435
Kuskovo 284-5, 388
Kyiv 23-4, 28, 44-5, 68, 77-8, 103, 109-11, 123, 133, 146, 165, 170, 192, 225, 244, 256, 269, 286, 289-90, 295, 324, 346-7, 377, 383-5, 421, 424, 452, 461 Caves monastery 146-7, 290, 384 Church of St. Andrew 291 metropolitanate of 78, 135, 421 Old Town 384
Pechersk neighborhood 289-90, 384 people of/from 78 Podil neighbourhood 384-5 Town Hall 290 St. Andrew's church 290 Sophia Cathedral 290 St. Michael Golden-Domed Monastery 385 Sofia Cathedral 76, 146, 246, 385 Trinity Over-the-Gate Church 146-7, 290 Kyiv Rus 3-4, 14, 24, 41-6, 48, 66, 73, 132, 179, 181, 249 burgers in 74
grand princes of 41-4, 130, 136, 142, 147
labor 3, 92, 105, 167, 170, 173, 203-4, 210, 217, 219, 224, 227, 230-1, 238, 319-21, 326-7, 361-3, 365-8, 370, 376, 382-3, 388 Labzina, Anna 444 Ladoga 197
Ladoga, Lake 13, 202, 297, 342 Ladoga Canal 452 Laki volcano 26 Lamuts 63
land 177, 200, 214, 220, 226, 248, 259, 338-9 abandonment of 223 attachment to 80, 224, 230, 233 confiscation/seizure of 56, 63, 69, 90, 93,