local 6
maintaining 4, 6 vacuums 45 -6 Powis, Jonathan 220, 432 Poznan 123 Prague 31, 236
Praskovia Koval'eva, "The Pearl" 366 Premudryi, Epifanii
Life of St. Sergeii ofRadonezh 250 Pressburg/Bratislava 31 printing/publication 10-11, 37, 73-4, 78-9,
111, 118, 174, 256, 354, 376, 401, 413-14, 436-9, 445-6, 450;
see also media, literary and texts Pritsak, Omeljan vii-viii privileges 4, 81, 108, 110, 113, 115, 130, 137, 211, 220, 235, 238, 277, 312, 337, 360, 379, 384, 387, 421, 427-8, 434; see also rights deprivation of 105 economic 207-8, 427-8, 432 granting of 207 legal 79, 220 political 433 social 79, 355, 403, 429 trading 38, 72, 91, 108, 195, 198, 384, 434 Privy Chancery 216 Privy Geographical Department 338 progress 270, 296, 306, 397, 447 Prokopovich, Feofan 77, 270, 277, 280, 410-13, 422 The Right of the Monarch's Will 280, 412 Spiritual Regulation 412 Vladymyr 110 Pronsk 164
property 242, 250, 262, 347, 364, 366, 368, 371, 382, 434; see also land ownership of 108, 213, 432 people as 109, 366; see also serfs seizure of 75 Protestantism 10, 37, 74, 114, 197, 230, 247, 253, 256, 258, 260, 262, 288, 357, 379, 396, 402-4, 408, 410-15, 417, 421, 423; see also religion and toleration, religious Anglicanism 412 Arianism 74
Calvinism and Dutch Reform 74, 120, 197,
204, 256, 288, 403 Huguenots 113
Lutheranism 10, 52, 74, 117, 120, 122, 204, 256, 288-9, 351, 396, 402-4, 406-8, 411, 430, 454, 456 Mennonites 114, 116, 357, 459 Moravian Brothers 114,118,403 Pietism 118,269,292,403,412-13
protests 242, 307; see also revolts/resistance
Provisions Chancery 344
Prussia 15-17, 113, 116, 121, 172, 299, 333,
345, 370, 393, 403, 410, 412, 428 Prut River 297
Pskov 27, 28, 43, 50, 52, 121, 132, 142-3, 162, 164, 180, 182, 191, 197-9, 202, 222, 236, 240, 254, 323, 361 public, the 155, 175-6, 250, 270, 452, 459
opinion of 445, 449 public health 270, 346-7, 352, 384, 387 public sphere 445-7, 449, 459 Pugachev, Emelian 162, 230-1, 307, 362,
370-1, 417 Pugachev rebellion 88, 94-5, 100, 105, 162, 230, 307, 320, 336, 348, 352, 370-1
punishment 170-2, 183, 299, 335, 347-8, 351-2, 381 death penalty 86, 257, 351-2 execution 56, 171-2, 254, 258,
351-2, 371 exemptions from 434 exile 170-1,257-8,351-2,367,
372, 446 forced labor 86, 170, 351, 365 knouting 170, 172, 351, 366 prison 351
torture 170, 172, 258, 352, 371 Pushkin, Alexander 437-8, 446
The Captain's Daughter 231 Pustozersk 171, 257 Putivl' 67, 198
Qipchaq khanate see Golden Horde, the Quarenghi, Giacomo 284 Quitrent 360-1, 363, 379
racism 451
Radishchev, Alexander 86, 372, 376, 397, 445-6
Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow 446 Raeff, Marc 269, 277, 428, 446, 448 raids/raiding 13, 57-8, 66-8, 71-2, 88, 100, 193, 335
Rakuska, Roman
"Eye Witness Chronicle" 78 Randolph, John 180 Ransel, David 382, 393 raspravy 312
Rastrelli, Bartolomeo 288, 290-1 Rastrelli, Francesco 121, 284 ratgauz 313 rationalization/rationality 306, 314, 391,
412-14, 454, 456 ratmany 309, 378
Razin, Stepan 72, 99, 162, 167, 172, 230-1, 242, 370 rebellion of 99 raznochintsy 304-5, 358, 367, 375-7, 379,
383, 388, 392, 395, 416, 427, 432, 435, 439 razriadnye knigi 173 Red Sea, the 187
Reformation, the 10, 37, 46, 118, 258, 261, 450 reforms 17, 212, 289, 296, 306, 312, 329, 338, 365, 378, 406, 416, 460 of Catherine II 94, 99, 111, 113, 115,
119-21, 125, 296, 298, 306-12, 314, 348, 360, 363, 380-3, 387, 390-1, 394, 403, 407, 419, 429, 433-4, 459-60 of Paul I 312-13, 378, 403 of Peter I 11, 65, 215, 273, 275, 281-2,
296-7, 300-5, 317, 348, 411, 413, 425, 447, 459 religion 10-11,37,48,58,71,79, 106, 111, 125, 131, 139-43, 158, 230, 244-5, 254, 258-9, 262-4, 292, 309, 349, 351, 372, 384, 396-401, 403-12, 414-15, 417-27, 433, 438-40, 450, 459; see also spirituality and theology and dissent/disputes about 37, 230, 254,
8, 405, 408, 410, 417, 419-20, 423, 425-6
diversity of 4, 10, 35-6, 41, 55, 232, 244,
262-3, 309, 396, 405, 412; see also
confessionalization
freedom of 114-15, 262, 397, 403, 417, 419,
425; see also toleration, religious and ideology 1, 131 and legitimacy 3, 130, 142 policies concerning 91, 262, 396, 400-1,
403, 406-8 practice of 94, 134-5, 245, 249, 252-6,
60, 407, 414, 417-21, 423-5 reform of 37, 255-7, 349, 351, 355, 406,
410-11, 414, 417-18, 425 Remezov, Semen 179 Renaissance, the 46, 253, 288 Republic of Letters 428; see also Enlightenment, the republics 43, 46
resources 5, 53, 56, 59, 109, 165-6, 177, 183, 188, 229, 248, 415, 432, 450, 459;
see also goods control of 10
human 1, 4, 173, 177, 188, 220, 336 lack of 161, 171, 379, 416 material 1, 3-4, 41, 55, 57, 177, 187-9, 203, 220, 325, 336, 362, 458
forest products 47, 51, 187-8 furs 3, 47, 50-1, 53, 55, 58, 60, 62, 85, 163, 166, 187, 188-9, 191, 194, 201, 330, 460 grain 23-4, 27, 59-60, 73, 166, 189, 225, 318, 320, 322, 324, 327, 332, 341, 343-5, 353, 362, 366, 368-9, 383, 393-4
mobilization of 9-11, 155, 163-4, 459 Reval/Tallinn 50, 52,73, 84,116-17,119,191, 288, 295, 297, 322, 384 Cathedral of Alexander Nevskii 456 Cathedral of the Dome 288, 456 Cathedral of the Holy Spirit 288 Cathedral of St. Nicholas 288 Cathedral of St. Olai 288 Ekaterinthal Palace 289 revolts/resistance 56, 63, 68-70, 84, 91, 105, 111, 139, 167, 230-1, 234, 241-2, 307, 335, 346, 367, 369-72, 387, 418; see also protests Bashkir see Bashkir uprisings Cossack see under Cossacks Kazakh see Kazakh rebellion peasant 105, 307, 369-70, 374 suppression of 56, 70, 91, 99, 105-6, 161-2, 172, 371, 457; see also suppression of opposition Pugachev see Pugachev rebellion Reyfman, Irina 437
Riazan 24, 44-5, 49-50, 67, 181, 238, 323,
356-7, 361, 397, 444 Richards, John F. 33, 35 Rieber, Alfred 2, 4, 34, 369 Riga 25, 50, 52, 73, 84, 116-17, 120, 182, 288, 295, 324, 357, 369, 384, 407 Cathedral of the Nativity 456 Church of the Dome 288 Church of Sts. Peter and Paul 289 City Hall 289 St. Jacob's Church 288 St. John's Church 288 St. Peter's Church 288 Riga, Gulf of 121, 191 Riga, River 384
Right Bank Hetmanate see under Hetmanate, the rights 115, 148, 160, 208, 219-20, 277, 293, 379, 433, 446; see also privileges Cossack 105, 110 cultural 60
to distill and sell alcohol 60, 68, 108, 201,
216, 325, 385, 394, 433 economic 109-10, 375 to own land 68, 75, 77, 100, 208, 360, 382,
432, 434 to own serfs 360, 432-3 to avoid taxes see taxes, exemptions from rituals/ceremonies 70, 94, 141, 151, 153-4, 157, 275
rituals/ceremonies (cont.)
coronation 130-1, 135, 149, 152, 280 legitimizing 129-30, 136, 153 religious 130, 133, 140-1, 254, 257, 259, 271, 424 Riurikovich 42 Roberts, Richard viii Rodrigue, Aron viii Romanchuk, Robert 251 Romaniello, Matthew 33, 187, 189, 198 Romanians 114, 430 Romanov 211
Romanov, Fedor Nikitich 255 Romanov, Mikhail Nikitich 145, 153 Romanovs, the 10, 14, 141, 149, 151-2, 169,
203-4, 210-11, 280-1, 283 Romanticism 437 Rome 411
Rome (ancient) 5, 141, 169, 271, 276, 290
empire of 3, 32, 98, 129, 172, 179 Roosevelt, Priscilla 447 Rossabi, Morris 36, 187 "Rossiia" 11 Rostock 118
Rostov 42-3, 49-50, 132, 143, 249, 411 Rostov, Lake 349 Rostovskiis, Princes, the 211 Rostovskij, Dmitrij see Tuptalo Rostovskij,