Dmitrij Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 433 Rowland, Daniel viii, 155 Rozumovsky, Kyrylo 111, 290 Rtishchev, F. M. 256 Rublev, Andrei 250
rulers 148, 155, 160, 175, 208, 237, 249, 260, 267, 274, 280-1, 293, 312, 316, 425, 443, 450, 455, 458; see also autocracy and ideology, of rulership
actions/activities of 55, 139, 142, 161, 169, 172, 183, 200, 270-1, 276-7
control exerted by see also control
imaginings of 7, 130, 136, 138-9, 154-5, 244, 267-9, 277-9, 284, 457
legitimacy of see legitimacy limits to the power of 169 and the people 154-5
portrayal/self-representation of 129-30, 140, 269, 273-6, 281-3, 290, 292-3;
see also images/imagery and legitimacy and symbolism power of 3-4, 267, 271, 278; see also power strategies of 11, 270; see also governance,
strategies of and their subjects 208-10,232,253,270,277, 279, 282,370, 429, 440, 451, 461 task of 1, 4 Rumiantsev, Petr 111-12,341 Rus (grand principality of) 3, 14; see also Ruthenian lands
Rus', the 41-3, 48, 53, 66, 73, 79,
110, 126, 134, 177, 421 see also Ruthenians
Russian Orthodoxy 10, 41, 45, 53, 55-6, 81, 169, 201, 207, 222-3, 227-8, 230, 239, 244, 247-58, 267-9, 275, 285, 292, 329, 349, 351, 362, 382, 388-9, 396-401, 406-8, 410-16, 423-5, 434-5, 439, 445, 447;
see also Church Councils, Russian Orthodox and folk belief and Holy Synod, the and landholders and monasteries and landholders, the church/monasteries as and law, religious and monasteries and Monastic Chancery and monks and nuns and Old Belief and religion and toleration, religious and Ukrainian Orthodox Church and " Zealots of Piety" as code of political legitimacy 3-4, 129-41, 154-6
conversion to 24, 56, 70, 96-7, 244, 262-3,
397-402, 408, 424, 430, 451 Enlightened Orthodoxy 11, 396-8, 413-14, 427-8, 435, 443, 447
independence of see autocephaly interior decorative scheme of churches of
133, 246
metropolitans of 44, 130, 132-3, 208,
244, 247, 249-50, 252, 255-6, 411, 413
Russians 42, 49, 59-60, 67, 96-7, 105,
111-12, 116, 165, 189, 193, 204, 225, 244, 253, 330, 335, 424, 433, 440, 444, 451, 454, 461 Ruthenian lands 41-2, 364 Ruthenians 68, 73, 75, 77, 110, 112 Ruts'kyi, Iosif 422
Safa-Girey dynasty 51
Safavid empire, the 2-3, 5, 16, 35, 178,
192-4, 397 Sahaidachny, Petro 75 Sahin 115
Sain Bulat see Bekbulatovich, Semeon
St. Aleksii 133
St. Basil 252
St. Boris 136
St. Catherine 279
St. Cyril-Beloozero monastery 202, 248,
251, 259 St. Elijah 259 St. Fevroniia 252 St. Filipp 133 St. Gleb 136 St. Iona 133
St. Iuliana of Murom 252 St. John of Chrysostom 252
St. Joseph of Volokolamsk 250-1
Rule 250-1 St. Michael Klopskii 252 St. Nicholas chapel 228 St. Paraskeva 259 St. Peter 133, 252
St. Petersburg 23-4, 29, 109-10, 113, 121,
197, 278, 281, 284, 288, 297, 308, 318, 320-4, 327, 338-42, 345-7, 357, 362, 369, 378, 385, 387-91, 393-4, 403-4, 420, 433, 436, 445, 454-5, 461 Academy of Arts building 389 Academy of Sciences building 274-5, 284,
312, 337-8, 377, 389, 461 Admiralty Building 389 Alexander-Nevskii monastery 274 architectural style of 286-7, 291 Cabinet of Curiosities 274 as capital 77, 100, 107, 117-18, 271, 274,
317, 377, 403, 430 Cathedral of Sts. Peter and Paul 274 Cathedral of the Resurrection 455 Catherine Palace 282 English Embankment 389 Ethnographic Museum 274 Fontanka Canal 389 founding of 15, 84, 191 Foundry 389
Hermitage Theater 282, 389, 444 Kunstkammer 274-5, 337, 451 Marble Palace 282 Mars Field 388 Menshikov Palace 389 Moscow District 389 Museum of Anthropology and
Ethnography 451 Nevskii Prospect 389 Oranienbaum 390 Pavlovsk 282, 284, 390 people/population of 388-9 Peter-Paul Fortress 274-5, 388-9 Peterhof 390 Senate Building 389 Twelve Colleges 389 University of 313 Vasilii Island 389-90 Winter Palace 282, 389 St. Petersburg News 436 St. Volodymyr 24 Sakovych, Kasian 78 Saltykova, Daria 367 Saltykovs, the 280, 388 Samara 90, 195, 403 Samoeds 29, 51, 64 Samogitia 17
Sanin, Joseph 250; see also St. Joseph of
Volokolamsk and Volotskii, Joseph Sarai 9, 44-7, 70, 162
Saransk 371
Saratov 105, 113-14, 165, 195, 323, 359,
407 Saxony 15-16,403
Sayan Mountain range 21, 25 Scandinavia 23, 29, 117 Scandinavians 41
Schadel, Johann Gottfried 76, 290 Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, David 451 Schleswig-Holstein 193 Schleswig-Holstein, Prince Johann of 29 scholars and intellectuals 1-2, 74, 110, 118,
146, 229, 254, 258, 261, 267, 274, 283, 290, 337, 375, 413, 435-8, 440, 443, 446-7, 450, 460-1 Islamic 56, 401 Schonle, Andreas 290, 430 schools 74,77,79,106,109-10,117,123, 253,
312-13, 337, 339, 376-7, 381, 388, 398, 403-5, 415, 422-3, 433-4
Islamic 115,400-1,407 Schrader, Abby 351
science and mathematics 10, 258-9, 290, 337, 377,411,413-14, 427, 437, 451-2, 454, 460-1
Scotland 80
people of/from 203 Scott, James 230 Sebezh 164
secular, the 10, 228, 255, 270-1, 293, 322, 399,
418, 438, 452 secularism 11, 349, 351, 399, 407, 414, 438 "Secure Shield of Faith" 418
Segur, Count Louis Philippe de 290, 430 self-government 86, 95, 100, 113-14, 363, 384, 389, 406, 459 controls on and limits to 91, 93-4 Selinginsk 195 Semigallia 52 Semipalatinsk 88, 95, 323 Senate, the 107, 124, 301, 303-6, 308, 310,
312, 317, 349, 412, 421 Serbia 59; see also New Serbia and Slaviano Serbia
Serbs 42, 105, 113, 336, 385
serfdom 10, 77, 80, 168, 183, 201, 222, 236,
335, 362, 368, 370, 403, 444-5, 460
criticism of 370-1, 445-6 enforcement of 63 settlement 114 serfs 4, 67, 73, 109, 151, 208, 219, 222-3, 225, 231, 282, 326, 330-1, 355, 359-60, 362-7, 370, 372, 379, 431, 433, 445, 449, 459; see also
enserfment and peasants emancipation of 366 movement of 113-14, 229, 356-7
serfs (cont. )
ownership of 215-16, 220, 231, 319, 321,
359-60, 363-8, 382, 432, 443 rules/regulations applying to 105 runaway 68-9, 95, 97, 113, 167-8, 356-7, 360, 364-5, 372 Serpukhov 236
service/servitors 62, 110, 180, 217, 223, 231, 305, 312, 372, 380, 385, 425, 429-31, 433-4, 440, 443-4;
see also civil service and military service and pomest'e exemptions from 428, 434, 441; see also military, the, army, recruitment into, exemptions from services (public) 226, 238, 331, 352, 386-7, 402, 458
settlement 23, 86, 90, 98, 101, 113-14, 124, 144, 163, 196, 223, 230, 241, 336, 385; see also settlers and migration of peoples
settlers 63-4, 69, 86, 91, 98, 101, 103, 105, 114, 163, 166, 357 foreign 113-14, 116, 336, 355, 363, 371,
385, 461; see also foreigners military 331 protection of 67, 95 Sevastopol 292, 298
Seven Years' War 16, 277, 297, 306, 316, 325,
328, 333, 342, 348, 370, 433 Seversk see Novgorod Seversk sex and sexuality 250, 255, 258, 260, 277-8, 294, 351, 366, 374, 376, 418-19 Shafirev, Peter 270, 277 Shah Abbas 35, 193 Shah Porus 439 Shahrimanians 193 shamanism 94, 401 Shaw, Denis 383
Shcherbatov, M. M. 278, 397, 446 Shchirsky, Ivan 268 shtatnye komandy 309 Sheksna River 202 Sheremetev, Field Marshall 299 Sheremetev, Nikolai Petrovich 366, 431 Sheremetev, P. B. 444 Sheremetevs, the 284-5, 368, 388 shert' 70