39. Lenin, PSS, XXXIV, 304–5.
40. Ibid., XXXV, 58.
41. Protokoly zasedanii, 31.
42. Ibid., 32.
43. Revoliutsiia, VI, 73.
44. Protokoly zasedanii, 31–32.
45. I. Steinberg, Als ich Volkskommissar war (Munich, 1929), 148.
46. S. Piontkovskii in BK, No. 1 (1934), 112.
47. S. A. Fediukin, Velikii Oktiabr’ i intelligentsiia (Moscow, 1972); E. Ignatov in PR, No. 4/75 (Moscow, 1928), 34.
48. The story of these events is very inadequately covered. See D. Antoshkin, Professional’noe dvizhenie sluzhashchikh, 1917–1924 gg. (Moscow, 1927), and Z. A. Miretskii in A. Anskii, ed., Professional’noe dvizhenie v Petrograde v 1917 g.: Ocherki i materialy (Leningrad, 1928), 231–42.
49. DN, Nos. 191 and 192 (Oct. 28, 1917); NZh, No. 164/158 (October 27, 1917), 3.
50. Revoliutsiia, VI, 14.
51. Volia naroda, No. 156 (October 29, 1917), cited in Bunyan and Fisher, Bolshevik Revolution, 225.
52. VS, No. 11 (1919), 5.
53. DN, No. 191 (November 10, 1917), 3, cited in Bunyan and Fisher, Bolshevik Revolution, 226.
54. Protokoly II’go Vserossiskogo S”ezda Kommissarov Truda (1918), 9 and 17, cited in M. Dewar, Labour Policy in the USSR (London, 1956), 17–18.
55. Revoliutsiia, VI, 50.
56. NZh, No. 178/172 (November 11/24, 1917), 3; B. M. Morozov, Sozdanie i ukreplenie sovetskogo gosudarstvennogo apparata (Moscow, 1957), 52.
57. Dekrety, I, 27–28.
58. NZh, No. 182/176 (November 16/29, 1917).
59. N. Osinskii in EZh, No. 1 (November 6, 1918), 2–3. See also A. M. Gindin, Kak bol’sheviki ovladeli Gosudarstvennym Bankom (Moscow, 1961).
60. NV, No. 6 (December 6/18, 1917), 3.
61. Ibid., No. 25 (December 30, 1917), 3.
62. LS, XXXV, 7.
63. N. Gorbunov in Pravda, No. 255/3,787 (November 6/7, 1927), 9.
64. Ibid.; Larin in NKh, No. 11 (1918), 16–17.
65. S. Liberman, Building Lenin’s Russia (Chicago, 1945), 13.
66. D. A. Chugaev, ed., Triumfal’noe shestvie sovetskoi vlasti, Pt. 1 (Moscow, 1963), 140.
67. L. Trotskii, Moia zhizn’, II (Berlin, 1930), 65; Lenin, PSS, XXXVIII, 198; Liberman, Building, 8.
68. SUiR, I, No. 309, 296–97
69. Izvestiia, No. 244 (December 6, 1917), 6–7.
70. Ibid., No. 249 (December 12, 1917), 6.
71. Pravda, No. 91 (April 20, 1924), 3.
72. NZh, No. 206/200 (December 20, 1917/January 2, 1918), cited in Revoliutsiia, VI, 377.
73. Kh. A. Eritsian, Sovety krest’ianskikh deputatov v oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii (Moscow, 1960), 143.
74. Steinberg, Als ich Volkskommissar war, 42.
75. See, for example, Trotsky’s speech in the Petrograd Soviet as reported in NZh, No. 138/132 (September 27, 1917), 3.
76. Pravda, No. 170/101 (October 27, 1917), 1.
77. N. Krupskaia, Vospominaniia o Lenine (Moscow, 1957), 74; Lenin, PSS, XXXV, 185.
78. Dekrety, I, 25–26.
79. Izvestiia, No. 213 (November 1, 1917), 2.
80. Lenin, PSS, XXXV, 135.
81. Ibid., XXXIV, 266.
82. Peter Scheibert, Lenin an der Macht (Weinheim, 1984), 418.
83. Based on L. M. Spirin, Klassy i partii v grazhdanskoi voine v Rossii (1917–20 gg.) (Moscow, 1968), 416–25, and L. M. Spirin, Krushenie pomeshchich ’ikh i burzhuaznykh partii v Rossii (Moscow, 1977), 300–41.
84. DN, No. 2/247 (January 4, 1918), 1.
85. Oliver Radkey, The Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917 (Cambridge, Mass., 1950), 15.
86. O. N. Znamenskii, Vserossiiskoe Uchreditel’noe Sobranie (Leningrad, 1976), Tables 1 and 2.
87. Lenin, PSS, XL, 7.
88. Radkey, Election, 38.
89. Lenin, PSS, XL, 16–18.
90. Znamenskii, Uchreditel’noe Sobranie, 275, 358.
91. Lenin, PSS, XL, 10.
92. Fraiman, Forpost, 163.
93. Dekrety, I, 159.
94. Revoliutsiia, VI, 187.
95. Fraiman, Forpost, 163.
96. Revoliutsiia, VI, 192.
97. Ibid., 199.
98. NV, No. 1 (November 30, 1917), 1–2, and No. 2 (December 1, 1917), 2; Pravda, No. 91 (April 20, 1924), 3; and Znamenskii, Uchreditel’noe Sobranie, 309–10.
99. NV, No. 1 (November 30, 1917), 2; Revoliutsiia, VI, 225.
100. Dekrety, I, 162.
101. Znamenskii, Uchreditel’noe Sobranie, 231.
102. Protokoly TsK, 149–150.
103. Lenin, PSS, XXXV, 106.
104. Ibid. 164–65, 166.
105. Protokoly TsK, 175.
106. Znamia truda, No. 111 (January 5/18, 1918), 3.
107. N. Rubinshtein, Bol’sheviki i Uchreditel’noe Sobranie (Moscow, 1938), 76.
108. B. F. Sokolov in ARR, XIII (Berlin, 1924), 48; Fraiman, Forpost, 201.
109. V. D. Bonch-Bruevich, Tri pokusheniia na V. I. Lenina (Moscow, 1930), 3–77.
110. Sokolov in ARR, XIII, 50, 60–61.
111. Ibid., 61.
112. Pravda, No. 3/230 (January 5/18, 1918), 4.
113. Trotsky in ibid., No. 91 (April 20, 1924), 3.
114. Znamenskii, Uchreditel’noe Sobranie, 334–35; Fraiman, Forpost, 204.
115. Pravda, No. 2/229 (January 4/17, 1918), 1, 3.
116. M. V. Vishniak, Vserossiiskoe Uchreditel’noe Sobranie (Paris, 1932), 99–100.
117. V. D. Bonch-Bruevich, Na boevykh postakh fevral’skoi i oktiabr’skoi revoliutsii (Moscow, 1930), 256.
118. DN, No. 2/247 (January 4, 1918), 2.
119. Sokolov in ARR, XIII, 66.
120. A. S. Izgoev in ARR, X, 24–25; Znamenskii, Uchreditel’noe Sobranie, 340.
121. Descriptions in DN, No. 4 (January 7, 1918), 2; Griaduiushchyi den’, No. 30 (January 6, 1918), 4; Pravda, No. 5 (January 6/19, 1918), 2.
122. NZh, No. 7/23 (January 11/24, 1918), 2, and Scheibert, Lenin, 19.
123. NZh, No. 7/23 (January 11/24, 1918), 2.
124. I. S. Malchevskii, ed., Vserossiiskoe Uchreditel’noe Sobranie (Moscow-Leningrad, 1930), 3.
125. Dekrety, I, 321–23.
126. Lenin, Khronika, V, 180–81; Malchevskii, Uchreditel’noe Sobranie, 217.