120. Steinberg, “The Events,” 122.
121. Lenin, Khronika, V, 610.
122. Vatsetis in Pamiat’, No. 2, 26–27.
123. Ibid., 27.
124. Ibid., 28.
125. Ibid., 40–41.
126. Erdmann, Riezler, 715.
127. K. Helfferich, Der Weltkrieg, III (Berlin, 1919), 654.
128. Pravda, No. 156 (July 27, 1918), 1.
129. Petrogradskaia Pravda, No. 233/459 (October 24, 1918), 1.
130. George Katkov in David Footman, ed., St Antony’s Papers, No. 12: Soviet Affairs, No. 3 (London, 1962), 53–93.
131. Winfried Baumgart, ed., Von Brest-Litovsk zur deutschen Novemberrevolution (Göttingen [1971]), 65.
132. Spirin, Krakh, 80.
133. Helfferich, Der Weltkrieg, III, 654
134. I. Steinberg, Spiridonova (New York, 1935), 247; Pamiat’, No. 2, 80.
135. Spirin, Krakh, 85.1. Deutscher, The Prophet Armed: Trotsky, 1879–1921 (New York-London, 1954), 403; Lev Trotskii, Portrety revoliutsionerov (Benson, Vt., 1988), 268–78.
136. Lenin, Sochineniia, XXIII, 561, 581–84.
137. Pravda, No. 139 (July 8, 1918), 1.
138. A biographical sketch of him by S. P. Melgunov can be found in Na puti k “tretei” Rossii (Warsaw, 1920).
139. A. I. Denikin, Ocherki russkoi smuty, HI (Berlin, 1924), 79.
140. PN, No. 1342 (September 10, 1924), 2.
141. Masaryk, Die Wehrevolution, 209.
142. Boris Savinkov, Bor’ba’s Bol’shevikami (Warsaw, 1923), 26; Boris Savinkov pered Voennoi Kollegiei Verkhovnogo Suda SSSR (Moscow, 1924), 64; Denikin, Ocherki, III, 79.
143. Ullman, Intervention, 190.
144. Noulens, Mon Ambassade, II, 108–9.
145. French Foreign Ministry Archives, No. 223, May 5, 1918; Savinkov pered Voennoi Kollegiei, 58.
146. Perkhurov in S. and M. Broide, Iaroslavskii miatezh: po zapiskam Generala Perkhurova (Moscow, 1930), 16.
147. F. Grenard, La Révolution Russe (Paris, 1933), 322; cf. Kennan, Decision, 436, McLaren to Poole.
148. Savinkov, Bor’ba, 24.
149. Organization described in Savinkov pered Voennoi Kollegiei, 48–49, 51.
150. Broide, Iaroslavskii miatezh, 17–18; Savinkov, Bor’ba, 29–30.
151. Broide, Iaroslavskii miatezh, 14–15.
152. Golos minuvshego na chuzoi storone, No. 6/19 (1928), 117.
153. Savinkov, Bor’ba, 28.
154. Savinkov pered Voennoi Kollegiei, 56–57; Perkhurov in Broide, Iaroslavskii miatezh, 25.
155. Savinkov pered Voennoi Kollegiei, 60.
156. Savinkov, Bor’ba, 28.
157. Perkhurov in Broide, Iaroslavskii miatezh, 19.
158. Perkhurov in ibid, 25.
159. Krasnaia Kniga VChK, II (Moscow, 1920), 101.
160. Spirin, Krakh, 11.
161. Testimony of the head of the German Repatriation Commission, Lt. Balk, in Bothmer, Mit Graf Mirbach, 150–54.
162. Krasnaia Kniga VChK, II, 106; Bothmer, Mit Graf Mirbach, 150–54.
163. Pravda, No. 155 (July 26, 1918), 3; Bothmer, Mit Graf Mirbach, 110.
164. The record of his triaclass="underline" Savinkov pered Voennoi Kollegiei and Delo Borisa Savinkova (Moscow, 1924).
165. In Broide, Iaroslavskii miatezh.
166. N. G. Palgunov and O. I. Rozanova, eds., Shesnadtsat’dnei: materialypo istorii iaroslavskogo belogvardeiskogo miatezha (Iaroslavl, 1924), 135–41.
167. A. Pacquet in Baumgart, Von Brest-Litovsk, 66–67.
168. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 230.
169. Erdmann, Riezler, 474.
170. Ibid., 719.
171. Ibid., 474–75.
172. Riezler in Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 230–31.
173. Pamiat’, No. 2, 43–44.
174. Erdmann, Riezler, 112–13; Helfferich, Der Weltkrieg, III, 652.
175. Denikin archive in Bakhmeteff Archive, Columbia University, “Iz dnevnika kniaziia Grigoriia Trubetskogo,” 8.
176. Erdmann, Riezler, 722.
177. Riezler’s cable of July 28, in Erdmann, Riezler, 732.
178. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 231; Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 523.
179. Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 523–26.
180. Erdmann, Riezler, 467.
181. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 244.
182. Draft of policy paper dated July 11, as summarized in Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 225–26.
183. Kennan, Decision, 391–404; Ullman, Intervention, 192, 195–96.
184. Ullman, Intervention, 240–42.
185. Ibid.
186. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 102–4.
187. Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, IV (London, 1975), 224.
188. Ullman, Intervention, 240.
189. Ibid.
190. Ibid.
191. Noulens, Mon Ambassade, II, 176.
192. Klante, Von der Wolga, 180–81.
193. J. Skačel, Československa Armada v Rusku a Kolčak (Prague, 1926), 36.
194. Klante, Von der Wolga, 195.
195. Melgunov, Tragediia, I, 100–1.
196. Golovin, Kontr-revoliutsiia, Pt. 3, Book 7, 119.
197. Helfferich, Der Weltkrieg, III, 653. Further: Lenin, PSS, L, 134–35; G. Rosenfeld, Sowjet-Russland und Deutschland, 1917–1922 (Köln, 1984), 119; Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 108–10.
198. Erdmann, Riezler, 472n.
199. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 239–40. Cf. Rosenfeld, Sowjet-Russland, 119, where first publication of a similar analysis made by Helfferich on August 19.
200. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 245–46.
201. Rosenfeld, Sowjet-Russland, 106.
202. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 275.
203. ISSSR, No. 4 (1958), 13–14.
204. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 186, 280.
205. Lenin, Khronika, VI, 83.
206. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 114.
207. Intercepted message from Ioffe to Moscow in H. W. Gatzke, VZ, III, No. 1 (1955), 96–97, dated August 13.
208. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 115.
209. Europäische Gespräche, IV, No. 3 (1926), 148.
210. Gatzke in VZ, III, No. 1 (1955), 96–97.
211. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 302–3.
212. Protokoly VTsIK, 5-go Sozyva, 95.
213. Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 317–18.
214. Kobliakov in ISSSR, No. 4 (1958), 15; Baumgart, Ostpolitik, 319–21.