75. Larin, loc. cit.
76. L. N. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period Velikoi Russkoi Revoliutsii (Moscow-Leningrad, 1926), 64, 131–32.
77. Ibid., 62.
78. G. G. Shvittau, Revoliutsiia i narodnoe khoziaistvo v Rossii (1917–21) (Leipzig, 1922), 74.
79. A full list is in Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 103–4.
80. Larin in NKh, No. 9–10 (1922), 40.
81. On these, see A. Vainshtein in NKh, No. 5–6 (1920), 54–56.
82. V. P. Miliutin, Narodnoe Khoziaistvo Sovetskoi Rossii (Moscow, 1920), Appendix.
83. Deviatyi S”ezd RKP (b), 104.
84. Litvinov in Pravda, No. 262 (November 21, 1920), 1.
85. R. Arskii in EZh, No. 14 (November 23, 1918), 1.
86. A. Kaktyn in NKh, No. 4 (1919), 16–19.
87. Vainshtein in NKh, No. 5–6 (1920), 54–55.
88. Gurovich in ARR, VI (1922), 315–16.
89. Trotsky, Arbeit, 11–13; Lenin, PSS, XXXVI, 380–81.
90. G. K. Guins, Sibir’, Soiuzniki i Kolchak, II (Peking, 1921), 429.
91. Examples in Carr, Bolshevik Revolution, II, 186.
92. Drobizhev, Glavnyi shtab, 121.
93. E.g., G. Krumin in EZh, No. 230 (October 15, 1919), 1.
94. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 163–64.
95. Ibid., 190.
96. Lenin, PSS, XLIV, 326.
97. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 153–54.
98. Ibid., 154–55.
99. Ibid., 155.
100. EZh, No. 215 (September 28, 1920), 1, and No. 219 (October 2, 1920), 1.
101. S. Strumilin, in EZh, No. 225 (October 9, 1920), 2.
102. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 184–85.
103. Vosmoi S”ezd RKP (b), 407.
104. On them, Scheibert, Lenin, 254–62.
105. Dekrety, IV, 491–508.
106. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 113.
107. Ibid., 220.
108. Ibid., 141.
109. Dekrety, XII, 10–12; Dekrety. XI, 43–45; SUiR, 1921, No. 6, art. 47, cited in Carr, Bolshevik Revolution, II, 260; Malle, War Communism, 181–82.
110. Pollock, Planwirtschaftlichen Versuche, 70–71.
111. E. Gan in Izvestiia, No. 243 (October 30, 1920), 1. Cf. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 133.
112. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 140.
113. A. Lositskii in EZh, No. in (May 25, 1920), 1.
114. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 139.
115. A. Goldschmidt, Moskau 1920 (Berlin, 1920), 30, 87–88.
116. V. Beliaev, Ispoved’ komissara (New York, 1921), 8–10.
117. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 140.
118. EZh, No. 36 (February 18, 1920), 1.
119. Carr, Bolshevik Revolution, II, 244.
120. L. Trotskii, Sochineniia, XII (Moscow, n.d.), 128–29.
121. Deviatyi S”ezd RKP (b), 91.
122. Tretii Vserossiiskii S”ezd ProfessionaVnykh Soiuzov: Stenograficheskiie Otchët, Pt. 1 (Moscow, 1921), 87–88.
123. Ibid., 89.
124. Odinadtsatyi S”ezd RKP (b), 37–38.
125. Ibid. 103–4.
126. Kommunisticheskaia Partiia Sovetskogo Soiuza v Rezoliutsiakh i Resheniiakh S”ezdov, Konferentsii, Plenumov TsK, 7th ed., I (Moscow, 1953), 351.
127. Lenin, PSS, XXXIV, 193.
128. Vtoroi Vserossiiskii S”ezd Sovetov Rabochikh i Soldatskikh Deputatov (Moscow-Leningrad, 1928), 165.
129. Dekrety, I, 226.
130. Ibid. 322; based on Lenin’s draft, ibid. 316.
131. Ibid., Ill, 461–63.
132. Izvestiia, No. 279/126 (December 11, 1920), 2.
133. M. Dewar, Labour Policy in the USSR, 1917–1928 (New York, 1956), 174–99.
134. Trotskii, Sochineniia, XV (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 126.
135. Liberman, Building, 19.
136. L. Trotskii, Kak vooruzhalas’ revoliutsiia, II, Pt. 2 (Moscow, 1924), 33–36.
137. Cited in Carr, Bolshevik Revolution, II, 210.
138. Dewar, Labour Policy, 213.
139. Liberman, Building, 73.
140. Trotskii, Sochineniia, XII, 160.
141. Dekrety, I, 77–85; Malle, War Communism, 93.
142. M. Brinton, The Bolsheviks and Worker’s Controclass="underline" 1917 to 1921 (London, 1970), 16.
143. Ibid., 18.
144. Pervyi Vserossiiskii S”ezd ProfessionaVnykh Soiuzov 7–17 Ianvariia 1918 g. (Moscow, 1918).
145. Vtoroi Vserossiiskii S”ezd ProfessionaVnykh Soiuzov Pt. I (Moscow, 1921), 97.
146. Ibid.
147. Trotskii, Kak vooruzhalas’, II, Pt. 2, 78.
148. P. A. Garvi, ProfessionaVnye soiuzy v Rossii v pervye gody revoliutsii (New York, 1958), 46.
149. Iu. Milonov, PutevoditeV po rezoliutsiiam Vserossiiskikh S”ezdov i Konferentsii ProfessionaVnykh Soiuzov (Moscow, 1924), 61.
150. Pervyi Vserossiiskii S”ezd ProfessionaVnykh Soiuzov, 367.
151. J. Sorenson, The Life and Death of Soviet Trade Unionism: 1917–28 (New York, 1969), 37–38.
152. Kritsman, Geroicheskii period, 165, 186.
153. Pravda, No. 30 (February 11, 1921), 1. Also Larin in EZh, No. 173 (August 7, 1920), 1.
154. G. Krumin in EZh, No. 118 (June 3, 1920), 1.
Chapter 16
1. Das Kapital, I, Chap. 15, Sec. 10. On this subject, see D. Mitrany, Marx Against the Peasant (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1951).
2. H. Willets in L. Schapiro and P. Reddaway, eds., Lenin: The Man, the Theorist, the Leader (London, 1967), 212.
3. “Agrarnyi vopros i sotsial’naia demokratiia v Rossii,” in Doklad delegatsii Russkikh Sotsial-Demokratov na mezhdunarodnom sotsialisticheskom kongresse v Londone v 1896 godu (Geneva, 1896). Written by P. B. Struve.
4. Lenin, PSS, VI, 310.
5. Ibid. 347–48.
6. E.g., ibid. XXXVII, 352–64.
7. N. Orlov cited by V. V. Kabanov in IZ, No. 82 (1968), 28.
8. Pravda, No. 240 (November 5,1918), 2. Further on this subject: V. V. Kabanov, KrestHanskoe khoziaistvo v usloviiakh “Voennogo Kommunizma,” (Moscow, 1988), 22–32.
9. A.T. in Svoboda Rossii, No. 26 (May 16, 1918), 6.
10. Iu. A. Poliakov in Istoriia sovetskogo krestHanstva i kolkhoznogo stroitel’stva v SSSR (Moscow, 1963), 16.
11. Ibid., 16; Dorothy Atkinson, The End of the Russian Land Commune, 1905–1930 (Stanford, Calif., 1983), 178–80.