12. V. P. Danilov, Pereraspredelenie zemel’nogo fonda Rossii (Moscow, 1979), 283–87, cited in Kabanov, KrestHanskoe khoziaistvo, 49.
13. la. Bliakher in Vestnik statistiki, XIII, No. 1–3 (1923), 138.
14. Ibid. 146–47.
15. V. R. Gerasimiuk in ISSSR, No. 1 (1965), 100.
16. O zemle: sbornik statei, I (1921), 9.
17. la. Piletskii in NZh, No. 18/232 (January 25/February 7, 1918), 1.
18. A. M. Anfimov, in VI, No. 1 (1955), 111–12.
19. Kabanov, KrestHanskoe khoziaistvo, 50–51.
20. Ibid., 52–53.
21. BSE, L, 359.
22. I. V. Nazarov in NZh, No. 50/265 (March 24, 1918), 1.
23. A. M. Anfimov and I. F. Makarov in ISSSR, No. 1 (1974), 85.
24. D. Thorniley, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Rural Communist Party, 1927–1939 (Birmingham, 1988), 10.
25. Gerasimiuk in ISSSR, No. 1 (1965), 100.
26. Ibid. 102.
27. Dekrety, I, 410.
28. Gerasimiuk in ISSSR, No. 1 (1965), 100.
29. Atkinson, Russian Commune, 185.
30. V. R. Gerasimiuk, Nachalo sotsialisticheskoi revoliutsii v derevne (Moscow, 1958), 73; emphasis supplied.
31. Kabanov, KrestHanskoe khoziaistvo, 182.
32. See above, pp. 697–98.
33. NZh, No. 12/226 (January 18/31, 1918), 1.
34. Ibid.
35. NZh, No. 25/239 (February 15, 1918), 4.
36. NZh, No. 100/315 (May 26, 1918), 1.
37. B. Brutzkus in Quellen und Studien, N.F., No. 2 (Berlin, 1925), 160, cited in Friedrich Pollock, Die Planwirtschaftlichen Versuche in der Sowjetunion, 1917–1927 (Leipzig, 1929), 71.
38. Poliakov in Istoriia sovetskogo krest’ianstva, 38.
39. Dekrety, I, 406; NZh, No. 82/297 (May 3, 1918), 4.
40. ND, No. 1 (February 1/14, 1918), 1.
41. E.g., NZh, No. 41/256 (March 14, 1918), 4.
42. Reprinted in NZh, No. 39/254 (March 10, 1918), 4.
43. NZh, No. 79/294 (April 28, 1918), 4.
44. N. Orlov, Deviai’ mesiatsev prodovol’stvennoi raboty sovetskoi vlasti (Moscow, 1918), 44–45. I owe this reference to Mr. Leonid Heretz.
45. NZh, No. 98/313 (May 24, 1918), 3.
46. LS, XVIII, 81. 10.
47. Orlov, Deviai’ mesiatsev, 82.
48. SV, No. 4 (March 18, 1921), 4.
49. Tsiurupa in Piatyi VserossiiskiiS”ezdSovetov: Stenograficheskii Otchët (Moscow, 1918), 140–41.
50. Dekrety, I, 459–60; cf. LS, XVIII, 78–79.
51. E.g., Dekrety, I, 502.
52. NZh, No. 29/243 (February 20, 1918), 1.
53. Lenin, Sochineniia, XXIII, 542.
54. Dekrety, II, 48–50.
55. LS, XVIII, 92.
56. NZh, No. 99/314 (May 25, 1918), 1.
57. Protokoly zasedanii Vserossiiskogo Tsentral’nogo Ispolnitel’nogo Komiteta 4-go Sozyva (Moscow, 1920), 294.
58. Cited in NZh, No. 71/286 (April 19, 1918), 1.
59. Richard Pipes, Struve: Liberal on the Left, 1870–1905 (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), 129–30.
60. A. L. Okninskii, Dva goda sredi kresfian (Riga, [1936]), 93.
61. On this subject, see C. Frierson, From Narod to Kulak: Peasant Images in Russia, 1870 to 1885, Ph.D. Dissertation, 1985, Harvard University.
62. Lenin, PSS, XXXVIII, 197.
63. V. P. Antonov-Saratovskii, ed., Sovety v epokhu voennogo kommunizma, 1918–21, I (Moscow, 1928), 131.
64. NZh, No. 117/332 (June 19, 1918), 3.
65. E.g., Lenin, PSS, XXXVII, 354–55.
66. Lenin, PSS, XXXVII, 40.
67. Ibid. III, 62, and XVI, 205.
68. Ibid. XXXVIII, 255.
69. F. Engels, “Prefatory Note to The Peasant War in Germany,” in K. Marx and F. Engels Selected Works, I (Moscow, 1962), 647.
70. Lenin, PSS, XXVII, 226.
71. V. P. Miliutin, Agrarnaia politika SSSR (Moscow-Leningrad, 1929), 106.
72. Ibid.
73. Dekrety, II, 264–66; LS, XVIII, 82–88.
74. LS, XVIII, 82.
75. E.g., NZh, No. 71/286 (April 19, 1918), 4.
76. John L. H. Keep, The Russian Revolution (London, 1976), 424.
77. Dekrety, II, 298–301.
78. NZh, No. 99 (May 25, 1918), 4, and No. 102/317 (May 29, 1918), 3.
79. Ibid., No. 104/319 (May 31, 1918), 1.
80. NZh, No. 105/320 (June 1, 1918), 1.
81. Lenin, Khronika, VI, 313, 369, 507, 542. See EZh, No. 17 (November 27, 1918), 1–2, for a description of the type of person who enrolled in these detachments.
82. Dekrety, II, 387.
83. See, e.g., speech by Tsiurupa in Piatyi S”ezd Sovetov, 144.
84. Dekrety, III, 178–80.
85. LS, XVIII, 93–94.
86. NZh, No. 112/327 (June 9, 1918), 3.
87. Atkinson, Russian Commune, 191–93.
88. Teodor Shanin, The Awkward Class (Oxford, 1972), 147.
89. NV, No. 97/121 (June 20, 1918), 4.
90. V. Kerzhentsev in Izvestiia, No. 15/567 (January 22, 1919), 1.
91. M. la. Latsis, Dva goda bor’by na vnutrennem fronte (Moscow, 1920), 75.
92. L. M. Spirin, Klassy i partii v grazhdanskoi voine v Rossii, 1917–1920 gg. (Moscow, 1968), 185.
93. Ocherki istorii Cheliabinskoi Oblastnoi partiinoi organizatsii (Cheliabinsk, 1967), 94.
94. Additional information: Okninskii, Dva goda, 128–51; NZh, No. 71/286 (April 19, 1918), 4; Gerasimiuk, Nachalo, 84–85; L. G. Sytov, ed., Penzenskaia organizatsiia KPSS v gody grazhdanskoi voiny (Penza, 1960), 87–99; LS, XVIII, 202–5; Antonov-Saratovskii, Sovety, I, 151.
95. M. Frenkin, Tragediia kres’ianskikh vosstanii ([Jerusalem, 1987]), 79, 85–88. 48.
96. Lenin, PSS, L, 126–27.
97. LS, XVIII, 145.
98. Ibid., 146.
99. Ibid., 203.
100. Dekrety, III, 178–80.
101. LS, XVIII, 146.
102. Keep, Russian Revolution, 462.
103. Lenin, PSS, XXXIX, 407.
104. Dekrety, III, 224–26.
105. Antonov-Saratovskii, Sovety, I, 54–56.
106. Kamkov in Piatyi S”ezd Sovetov, 75.
107. Dekrety, II, 295, 416–20.
108. Protokoly … VTsIK 4-ogo Sozyva, 398–419.