Brown, Lloyd A. The Story of Maps. Boston, Little, Brown, 1940. 397 pp. Contains, especially in the chapter, The Haven Finding Art, much of interest about early voyages.
Challenger Staff. Report on the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, 1873—76. 40 vols. See especially volume 1, parts 1 and 2—Narrative of the Cruise—which gives an interesting account of this historic expedition. Consult in libraries.
Cousteau, Jacques-Yves and Frederic Dumas. The Silent World. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1953. 288 pp. A fascinating book in which the reader shares Cousteau’s long and remarkable experience undersea.
Darwin, Charles. The Diary of the Voyage of H. M. S. Beagle. Edited from the manuscript by Nora Barlow. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1934. 451 pp. A fresh and charming account, as Darwin actually set it down in the course of the Beagle voyage.
Dugan, James. Man Under the Sea. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1956. 332 pp. An interesting and useful account of man’s explorations undersea during the past 5000 years.
Heyerdahl, Thor. Kon-Tiki. Chicago, Rand McNally & Co., 1950. 304 pp. The Odyssey of six modern Vikings who crossed the Pacific on a primitive raft—one of the great books of the sea.
Brooks, C. E. P. Climate Through the Ages. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1949. 395 pp. Interprets clearly and readably the climatic changes of past ages. Out of print.
Coleman, A. P. Ice Ages, Recent and Ancient. New York, Macmillan 1926. 296 pp. An account of Pleistocene glaciation, and also of earlier glacial epochs. Out of print.
Daly, Reginald. The Changing World of the Ice Age. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1934. 271 pp. A fresh, stimulating, and vigorous treatment of the subject, more easily read, however, against some background of geology. Out of print.
Our Mobile Earth. New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926. 342 pp. For the general reader; an excellent picture of the earth’s continuing development. Out of print.
Hussy, Russell C. Historical Geology: The Geological History of North America. New York and London, McGraw-Hill, 1947. 465 pp. Out of print.
Miller, William J. An Introduction to Historical Geology, with Special Reference to North America. New York, D. Van Nostrand Co., 6th Ed. 1952. 499 pp.
Schuchert, Charles, and Dunbar, Carl O. Outlines of Historical Geology. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1941. 291 pp. Any one of these three books will give the general reader a good conception of this fascinating subject; the treatment by the various authors differs enough that all may be read with profit.
Shepard, Francis P. Submarine Geology. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1948. 348 pp. The first textbook in a field which is still in the pioneering stages.
These books are listed because each, in one way or another, captures the sea’s varied and always changing moods; all are among my own favorite volumes.
Beston, Henry. The Outermost House: A Year of Life on the Great Beach of Cape Cod. New York, Rinehart and Company, 1949. 222 pp.
Conrad, Joseph. The Mirror of the Sea. New York, Doubleday, Anchor Books, 1960. 304 pp. (Combined with Conrad’s A Personal Record.)
Hughes, Richard. In Hazard. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1938. 279 pp. (also published by Penguin Books, 1943).
Melville, Herman. Moby Dick. Available in many editions, as Modern Library, New American Library, Pocket Books.
Nordhoff, Charles, and Hall, James Norman. Men Against the Sea. Boston, Little, Brown, 1934. 251 pp. (also published by Pocket Books, 1946).
Tomlinson, H. M. The Sea and the Jungle. New York, Modern Library, 1928. 332 pp. Paper: Dutton (Everyman).
These books provide further details about the topics discussed in the Afterword.
Kennett, J. Marine Geology. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1982. An excellent textbook introducing the student to a vast subject.
Scientific American. Ocean Science. San Francisco, W. H. Freeman, 1977. A book of readings about the ocean for the educated layman.
The Global Thermostat
Dansgaard, W., J. W. C. White, and S. J. Johnsen. The abrupt termination of the Younger Dryas climate event. Nature v. 339, 1989, pp. 532–5. A short technical account of the rapidity of climatic change at the end of the last glacial age.
Houghton, R. A. and G. M. Woodwell. Global climatic change. Scientific American. v. 260, 1989, pp. 36–44. An account of the significance of the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation to world climate.
Imbrie, John, and Katherine Palmer Imbrie. Ice Ages: Solving the Mystery. Short Hills, Enslow Publishers, 1979. An historical account of the astronomical theories of the ice ages.
Jones, P. D., T. M. L. Wigley, and P. B. Wright. Global temperature variations between 1861 and 1984. Nature v. 322, 1986, pp. 430–434. A technical account of global warming over the last century.
Stanley, S. M. Extinction. New York: Freeman, 1987.
Migrations and Larval Transport
Childress, R. J. and M. Trim. Pacific Salmon. University of Washington Press, 1979. A beautifully illustrated popular description of the migrations and general biology of the Pacific salmon.
Harden Jones, F. R. Fish Migration. London: Edward Arnold, 1968.
Strathman, R. R. Feeding and nonfeeding larval development and life-history evolution in marine invertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 16, 1985, pp. 339–361. An excellent technical account of the nature of marine invertebrate larval development and dispersal.
Birkeland, C. The Faustian traits of the crown-of-thorns starfish. American Scientist, volume 77, 1989, pp. 154–163.
Levinton, J. S. 1982. Marine Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1982. Chapters 20 and 21 cover the biology of coral reefs.
Acknowledgments
TO COPE ALONE and unaided with a subject so vast, so complex, and so infinitely mysterious as the sea would be a task not only cheerless but impossible, and I have not attempted it. Instead, on every hand I have been given the most friendly and generous help by those whose work is the foundation and substance of our present knowledge of the sea. Specialists on many problems of the ocean have read chapters dealing with their fields of study and have made comments and suggestions based on their broad understanding. For such constructive help I am indebted to Henry B. Bigelow, Charles F. Brooks, and Henry C. Stetson of Harvard University; Martin W. Johnson, Walter H. Munk, and Francis P. Shepard of the Scrips Institution of Oceanography; Robert Cushman Murphy and Albert Eide Parr of the American Museum of Natural History; Carl O. Dunbar of Yale University; H. A. Marmer of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey; R. C. Hussey of the University of Michigan; George Cohee of the U.S. Geological Survey; and Hilary B. Moore of the University of Miami.