19. J. Cloutier and C. N. Macrae, ‘The feeling of choosing: Self-involvement and the cognitive status of things past’, Consciousness and Cognition, 17 (2008), 125–35.
20. L. M. Goff and H. L. Roediger III, ‘Imagination inflation for action events: Repeated imaginings lead to illusory recollections’, Memory and Cognition, 26 (1998), 20–33.
21. L. Lindner, G. Echerhoff, P. S. R. Davidson and M. Brand, ‘Observation inflation: Your actions become mine’, Psychological Science, 21 (2010), 1291–9.
22. E. R. Hilgard, Hypnotic Suggestibility (New York, NY: Harcout Brace and World, 1965).
23. Hilgard (1965).
24. P. Rainville, R. K. Hofbauer, T. Paus, G. H. Duncan, M. C. Bushnell and D. D. Price, ‘Cerebral mechanisms of hypnotic induction and suggestion’, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11 (1999), 110–122.
25. T. R. Sarbin, ‘Contributions to role-taking. I. Hypnotic behavior’, Psychological Review, 57 (1950), 255–70.
26. S. Vyse, Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997).
27. K. Ono, ‘Superstitious behavior in humans’, Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 47 (1987), 261–71.
28. Daily Mail (27 January 2009).
29. B. Malinowski, ‘Fishing in the Trobriand Islands’, Man, 18 (1918), 87–92.
30. S. S. Dickerson and M. E. Kemeny, ‘Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research’, Psychological Bulletin, 130 (2004), 355–91.
31. G. Keinan, ‘The effects of stress and desire for control on superstitious behavior’, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28 (2002), 102–8.
32. Independent (9 April 2007).
33. The primatologist Josep Call told the author about this phenomenon.
34. M. M. Robertson and A. E. Cavanna, ‘The disaster was my fault’, Neurocase, 13 (2007), 446–51.
35. I. Osborn, Tormenting Thoughts and Secret Rituals: The Hidden Epidemic of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (New York, NY: Dell, 1998).
36. T. E. Oltmanns, J. M. Neale and G. C. Davison, Case Studies in Abnormal Psychology (3rd ed., New York, NY: Wiley, 1991).
37. A. M. Graybiel and S. L. Rauch, ‘Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder’, Neuron, 28 (2000), 343–7.
38. M. Field, ‘Impulsivity, restraint and ego depletion in heavy drinkers’, Presentation at the Bristol Psychopharmacology Research Network: Workshop 3, Bristol Institute for Advanced Studies (1 December 2010).
39. N. L. Mead, J. L. Alquist and R. F. Baumeister, ‘Ego depletion and the limited resource model of self-control’, in R. R. Hassin, K. N. Ochsner and Y. Trope (eds), Self Control in Society, Mind and Brain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 375–88.
40. R. F. Baumeister, The Self in Social Psychology (Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press, 1999).
41. M. Muraven and R. F. Baumeister, ‘Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle?’, Psychological Bulletin, 126 (2000), 247–59.
42. J. Rotton, ‘Affective and cognitive consequences of malodorous pollution’, Basic Applied Social Psychology, 4 (1983), 171–91; B. J. Schmeichel, K. D. Vohs and R. F. Baumeister, ‘Intellectual performance and ego depletion: Role of the self in logical reasoning and other information processing’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85 (2003), 33–46; G. W. Evans, ‘Behavioral and physiological consequences of crowding in humans’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9 (1969), 27–49; D. C. Glass and J. E. Singer, Urban Stress: Experiments on Noise and Social Stressors (New York, NY: Academic Press, 1972).
43. D. Kahan, J. Polivy and C. P. Herman, ‘Conformity and dietary disinhibition: A test of the ego-strength model of self control’, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32 (2003), 165–71; M. Muraven, R. L. Collins and K. Neinhaus, ‘Self-control and alcohol restraint: An initial application of the self-control strength model’, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16 (2002), 113–120; K. D. Vohs, R. F. Baumeister, B. J. Schmeichel, J. M. Twenge, N. M. Nelson and D. Tice, ‘Mating choices impairs subsequent self-controclass="underline" A limited resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94 (2008), 883–98.
44. K. D. Vohs, R. F. Baumeister and N. J. Ciarocco, ‘Self-regulation and self-presentation: Regulatory resource depletion impairs impression management and effortful self-presentation depletes regulatory resources’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88 (2005), 632–57.
45. N. J. Ciarocco, K. Sommer and R. F. Baumeister, ‘Ostracism and ego depletion: The strains of silence’, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (2001), 1156–63.
46. M. T. Gailliot, R. F. Baumeister, C. N. DeWall, J. K. Maner, E. A . Plant, D. M. Tice, L. E. Brewer and B. J. Schmeichel, ‘Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: Willpower is more than a metaphor’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92 (2007), 325–36.
47. I. W. Hung and A. A. Labroo, ‘From firm muscles to firm willpower: Understanding the role of embodied cognition in self-regulation’, Journal of Consumer Research, 37 (2011), 1046–64.
48. D. R. Carney, A. J. C. Cuddy and A. J. Yap, ‘Power posing: Brief nonverbal displays affect neuroendocrine levels and risk tolerance’, Psychological Science, 21 (2010), 1363–8.
49. L. W. Barsalou, ‘Grounded cognition’, Annual Review of Psychology, 59:1 (2008), 617–45.
50. M. Tuk, D. Trampe and L. Warlop, ‘Inhibitory spillover: Increased urination urgency facilitates impulse control in unrelated domains’, Psychological Science, 22 (2011), 627–33.
51. J. Baggini, The Ego Trick (London: Granta, 2011).
52. H. Rachlin, ‘Teleological behaviorism and the problem of self-control’, in R. R. Hassin, K. N. Ochsner and Y. Trope (eds), Self Control in Society, Mind, and Brain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 506–521.
53. V. Job, C. S. Dweck and G .M. Walton, ‘Ego depletion—is it all in your head? Implicit theories about willpower affect self-regulation’, Psychological Science, 21 (2010), 1686–93.
54. C. M. Mueller and C. S. Dweck, ‘Intelligence praise can undermine motivation and performance’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75 (1998), 33–52.
55. K. D. Vohs and J. W. Schooler, ‘The value of believing in free wilclass="underline" Encouraging a belief in determinism increases cheating’, Psychological Science, 19 (2008), 49–54.
56. T. F. Stillman, R. F. Baumeister, K. D. Vohs, N. M. Lambert, F. D. Fincham and L. E. Brewer, ‘Personal philosophy and personnel achievement: Belief in free will predicts better job performance’, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1 (2010), 43–50.
5 Why Our Choices Are Not Our Own
1. F. Presbrey, ‘1855–1936. The history and development of advertising’, Advertising and Society Review, 1:1 (2000).