de — of (genitive, partialness)
depos — since, starting from
do — ...-ed, of, with (a specific characteristic, distinctive feature, or destination of object) duran — during exepte — except
fo — for (the object, aim, or purpose); for (duration or a specific time) fon — from in — in
inen — inside, within inu — into
inplas — instead (of), in place (of)
inter — between
kontra — against
krome — besides, in addition to
kun — with, along with
malgree — in spite of
miden — amid, in the middle (of), in the midst (of), among om — about, concerning; on (refers to the subject of activity) on — on (on the surface)
pa — preposition of a wide meaning, introduces adverbial phrase and often can be used instead of other prepositions pa fortuna fortunately; pa aksham in the evening; pa sahil on the bank/shore; shwo pa LdP speak LdP.
per — per, for each (every)
por — due to, because of
pro — pro, in favour of
pur — for, in exchange for
segun — according to, in accordance with
she — at, in (refers to smb's abode, country); in the work / writings of (refers to author); in, with (refers to person or animal)
sin — without
sirke — approximately, about, around sobre — above, over sub — under til — till, until
tra — through; over, across, to (on) the other side of versu — towards via — via
Conjunctions
bat — but e — and
i...i — both...and ni...ni — neither...nor o (oda) — or oda...oda... — either...or obwol — though, although si — if
si...dan — if...then
Greetings
The greetings like «Good day!» have similar structure in LdP:
Good morning! — Hao sabah!
Good day! — Hao dey!
Good evening! — Hao aksham!
Good night! — Hao nocha!
Any major greetings from major languages are also acceptable:
Namastee!
Salam!
Marhaba!
Nihao!
Heloo!
Ola!
Hay!
Chao!
S drastvuy(te)! S draste!
Privet!
Haloo!
Salve!
Salut! Salud!
Many from these greetings are also goodbye words.
A universal greeting and goodbye word is Swasti!
It means «Good luck! May fortune favour you! Everything good to you!»
Gro-swasti! is also used.
Other important interjections are: danke — thank you swaagat — welcome adyoo — good-bye skusi — excuse me
Numbers
The cardinal numbers.
nol - 0
un - 1
dwa - 2
tri - 3
char - 4
pet - 5
sit - 6
sem - 7
ot - 8
nin - 9
shi - 10
shi-un - 11 (the numerals from 11 till 19 are written with the hyphen; the accent is on the second
syllable)
shi-dwa - 12
shi-tri - 13...
dwashi - 20 (20, 30...90 are written together, the accent on the first syllable) dwashi-un - 21 dwashi-dwa - 22...
trishi - 30 charshi - 40 petshi - 50... sto - 100
sto-un - 101 sto-dwa - 102 ...
dwasto - 200 tristo - 300 charsto - 400... mil - 1000
milion -million
25473 - dwashi-pet mil charsto-semshi-tri (mil, milion are written separately, the others with a hyphen).
The ordinal numerals are formed with the help of the particle "ney": un-ney - first dwa-ney- second tri-ney - third...
sto-petshi-char-ney - one hundred fifty forth.
un-nem - firstly; at first dwa-nem- secondly...
-fen —forms fractions: un de dwafen — one half sem de shifen — seven tenths tri de stofen — three hundredths
The decimal fractions are pronounced with the help of the word koma (comma)
tri koma pet — 3,5
dwa koma semshi pet — 2,75
One can also say "dwa koma semshi pet de stofen".
Days of the week, months
Names for days of the week are compounds from a number and the particle 'di', Monday is counted as the first day:
undi — Monday dwadi — Tuesday tridi — Wednesday chardi — Thursday petdi — Friday sitdi — Saturday semdi — Sunday.
Names for months are based on Latin ones, which are spread very widely. However, compounds
("month"+number) are also admissible:
January — januar (mes-un)
February — februar (mes-dwa)
March — marto (mes-tri)
April — april (mes-char)
May — mey (mes-pet)
June — yuni (mes-sit)
July — yuli (mes-sem)
August — augusto (mes-ot)
September — septemba (mes-nin)
October — oktoba (mes-shi)
November — novemba (mes-shi-un)
December — desemba (mes-shi-dwa).
Dey sem de mey — The seventh of May.
Dey dwashi-un de mes-nin. — The twenty first of September.
Names of countries, peoples and languages
Names of countries are written with a capital letter and are close to how they sound in the
official language of the country:
Espania - Spain
Jungwo - China
Portugal - Portugal
Rusia - Russia
Nipon - Japan
Doichland - Germany
Frans - France
Ingland - England.
In case the country has two names or two official languages, it may have also an alternative name, especially if those names are not similar to each other: Suomi / Finland - Finland Bharat / India - India.
But: Belgie - Belgium (based on Dutch, the country's name in the two other official languages, German and French, sounds similar).
Composite names are translated into LdP:
Unisi-ney Statas de Amerika (USA) - The United States of America.
A compound word from country's name and 'jen' (man) denotes an inhabitant/subject of the country (written with a hyphen): Suomi-jen - a Finland's inhabitant
Rusia-jen - a Russia's inhabitant Jungwo-jen - a China's inhabitant USA-jen - a person living in the USA.
These compound words should not be mixed with words for etnicity (a Russian, a Finn).
For etnicity and the corresponding language a special word is used. It is close to how people refer to themselves. It plays the role of noun as well as adjective. "jen" and "lingwa" may be used for precision. Examples:
ruski - Russian; a Russian; the Russian language me es ruski (jen) - I am Russian me shwo ruski (lingwa) - I speak Russian ruski fabula - a Russian fairy tale
inglish - English; an English; the English language me bu shwo inglish - I don't speak English
doiche - German; a German; the German language doiche exaktitaa - the German punctuality
amerikan - American (expressing the culture and national values of the USA); an American
fama-ney amerikan poeta — a famous American poet
ta es amerikan, ta shwo inglish - he/she is American, he/she speaks English
espaniol - Spanish; a Spanish; the Spanish language portuges - Portuguese; a Portuguese; the Portuguese language
me shwo espaniol, yoshi me samaji portuges - I speak Spanish, also I understand Portuguese han - Chinese (ethnical); a Chinese; the Chinese language
Ta es han (jen), ta shwo han (lingwa). - He/she is a Chinese, he/she speaks Chinese. Me es Jungwo-jen, bat me bu es han (jen). - I live in China but I am not a Chinese.
hindi - Hindu; a Hindu; Hindi
suomen - Finnish; a Finn; the Finnish language
ukrainska - Ukrainian; a Ukrainian; the Ukrainian language
Ela es ukrainska jen, ela shwo ukrainska. — She is a Ukrainian, she speaks Ukrainian ukrainska-ruski lexikon — a Ukrainian-Russian dictionary
nihon - Japanese; a Japanese; the Japanese language