Hiroshima 385
Historikerstreit 4–5, 378
history 387–8, 390
Hitler, Adolf 4, 378
Hobsbawm, E. J. 328n
Hoover, J. Edgar 378
Horowitz, David 237
housing 64–5, 204–5, 214, 366–7
Hungary 254, 255
Huxley, Aldous 376
Iakovlev, la. A. 40
Igritskii, Iu. I. 294n
Illarionov, A. 388
intelligentsia 53–9, 60, 61, 327–8
Islam 209–10
Israel 237
Isupov, A. A, 53n, 62n
Ivashutin, P. 185
Japan 214
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee 132
Jews 141
Joravsky, David 378–9
Kadar, Janos 253
Kaganovich, Lazar 43–4, 50, 85–6, 87, 95, 96, 87, 105, 147, 184, 238, 245
Kakhiani, M. I. 21
Kalinin, Mikhail I. 87
Kalugina, Z. I. 366n, 386n
Kamenev, Lev Borosovich 21, 288, 302
‘Georgian incident’ and 23–4, 27–9
Kantorovich, L. V. 250
Kasimovsky, E. V. 211, 335–8
Kazakhstan 206, 209, 214, 336
Kerblay, Basile 63n
Kerensky, Alexander Fyodorovich 279, 283–4, 286, 294
Kevorkov, Viacheslav 263–4
KGB 177–201, 220, 327, 348
Andropov and 253–9
disorder of 1963 186–90
Khrushchev and 181, 242–3
Komsomol and 182, 185, 189
Politburo and 231
popular discontent and 184–90
privileges 229
prosecutions by 191, 401–2
Khlevniuk, Oleg 78, 79n, 86, 88, 100, 101, 108n, 109, 117, 118n, 122
Khrushchev, Nikita 87, 104, 106, 148, 149, 155, 179, 180, 181, 208–9, 238–44, 251, 319, 321, 323, 342, 346
attack on Stalin (1956) 156
bureaucracy and 218–23, 224, 225
Mikoyan on 245–6, 263
party and 349
popular discontent under 184–90, 208–9
private plots and 184, 266
in Red Army 289
‘thaw’ 122, 124 – see also de-Stalinization
Kirilenko, A. 249
Kirin, V. A. 162n
Kirov, Sergei 21, 50, 51, 85, 96, 105, 131, 245
Kissinger, Henry 236–7
Kliuchevsky, V. O. 377, 387
Kobulov, A. 155
Kokurin, A. I. 182n
kolkhozy (collective farms) 66–8, 208–9, 341, 362
Khrushchev and 184
Komarov, K. 239
Komsomol (Young Communists) 141, 257
KGB and 182, 185, 189
privileges 229
Kornai, Janos 361
Kornilov, Lavr G. 279, 285
Korolev, S. P. 110
Korshunov, Iu. A. 175n
Korzhikhina, T. P. 182n, 222n, 343n, 345n, 380
Kosals, L. 365
Kosiachenko, G. P. 121
Kosygin, Aleksei 95–6, 223–5, 248–53, 259, 261, 328–30, 333, 350
Kotov, F. 216
Kovanov, P. V. 356
Kozlov, V. A. 322
Kraven, Marta 117, 118n, 122
Kronstadt uprising 43
Kruglov, S. N. 120, 155, 181–2
Krupskaya, Nadezhda 15–7
Ksenofontov, I. K. 43–4
kulaks 4, 53, 64, 125, 289
Kuznetsov, Nikolai 128–31, 132, 134–7, 139
Kvetsinsky, J. A. 237
labour camps 113–123 – see also labour, forced; Gulag
labour
forced 147, 157–61
Gosplan report on (1965) 205–10
laws 172–7
market 321
movement of (tekuchka) 69–71, 78, 176, 203–4, 212–3, 316, 324
post-Stalin 324–5
productivity of 339–40, 371
shortage of 334–41, 351, 366
Lakshin, Vladimir 197–8
Latvia 127, 154, 206
law 76–7, 231–2, 252
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 3, 219, 244, 271–2, 275, 276, 308, 310, 350, 375, 380
correspondence with Bukharin (1915) 276–7
embalming of 34–5
as leader 301–2
on national question 24–5
post-1989
vilification 387
on Russia 288, 295
on socialism 297–300
Stalin and 14–8, 145, 300
versus authoritarianism 306–9
liberalism 285, 388
Ligachev, Egor K. 230, 232–4, 238
Lithuania 127, 154
Lukyanov, A. 234
Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vassilievich 264
Lysenko, T. D. 90
mafia 261, 365
Makharadze, F. 21, 26
Malenkov, G. M. 87, 122, 155, 184, 244, 346
Malraux, André 49
Martov (Julius Ossipovich Tsederbaum) 279, 283, 284
Marxism 250–1, 291, 308
Maslennikov, I. I. 155
Mazurov, K. 259
McCarthy, Joseph 378
Mdivani, P. 22, 26, 27
Medvedev, Roy 197, 250, 256, 260
Medvedev, Vadim A. 265
Medvedev, Zhores 194
Mekhlis, Lev 134
Menshevism 278, 281, 284, 287
after 1917 304–5, 307
Menshikov, S. 363, 369–70
Mezhuev, V. P. 5, 387–90
MGB (Ministry of State Security) 130, 179, 181
Mikhoels, S. 132
Mikoyan, Anastas 13, 85, 87, 95–6, 147, 154, 180, 238, 242, 243–7
on Khrushchev 263
Miliukov, Pavel 279–80, 284, 287, 288, 295, 308, 343–4
Minervin, I. G. 361n, 362
Mir space station 375–6
Mironov, B. N. 185, 311–6, 317, 338
Mishutin, A. 158
Moldavia 207, 336
Molotov, Vyacheslav 13, 33–4, 56, 86, 87, 88, 91, 95, 97, 99, 105, 111, 121, 147, 154, 184, 240, 244, 245, 299, 346
MOOP (Ministry for Public Order) 182
Moskovskii, A. S. 62
MTS (Machine Tractor Stations) 66, 68, 71
MVD (Ministry of Internal Affairs) 117–121, 155, 157–60, 163, 179, 181–2, 239, 240
disorder of 1963 186
in Far Eastern province (Dal’stroj) 121–3
penal policy 167–9
national question 19–31
Nazism 372, 376–7
Neizvestny, Ernst 241–2
Nemchinov, V. 250, 252, 260–1
neo-Tsarism 375, 380–2
NEP (New Economic Policy) 9–10, 277, 297–9, 305, 310
Nesternko, E. V. 238n
Nicholas II 282, 287
nihilism 388–90
Nitze, Paul 237
NKVD (Internal Affairs) 50, 86, 87, 91, 99, 111, 183
1937 purge and 100–3
crimes of 101–9
economic empire 113–7 – see also MVD
GPU and 178–9
purge of 109
nomenklatura 42, 109, 136, 139–42, 219, 226, 272, 324, 348, 368, 370
post-1989 386–7
USA and 385
Novocherkask 184–5, 187, 189, 322
Novosibirsk 366
Novozhilov 250
Novyi Mir 195–8, 241, 251
nuclear weapons – see atomic weapons
Ofer, Gur 328n
Ordzhomkidze, G. K. 13, 21, 24, 27
Orgburo 41, 85, 89, 133, 138, 139, 346
Orwell, George 376
Osinsky-Obolensky, V. V. 302–3, 375
Pankin, M. E. 176n
Pankratov, D.V. 111
parallel market – see shadow economy
Party Congresses – see Communist Party, Congresses
Patolichev, N. S. 139
patriarchalism 242
pensions 315, 339
perestroika (restructuring) 233, 253, 259, 268, 310, 370
permanent revolution 288
Petrov, M. V. 182n
piatiletki – see five-year plans
Pikhoia, R. G. 104, 181, 182n, 184, 188, 191n, 192, 238n, 266n
pipes 330
Plekhanov, George Valentinovich 275
poetry 273, 313
Poliakov, Iu. A. 53n
Politburo 23–4, 41, 81, 110, 112, 128, 183, 230, 232–5, 248, 253, 256, 257, 261–3, 300, 323, 341–2, 345–6, 348, 352