Central Committee and 249
post-war reform (1946–8) and 132–4, 139
Stalin and 85–8, 89, 95–6
Popov, G. 139
popular discontent (early 60s) 184–90, 208–9
popular front 49–50
popular song 268
population 53, 62–5, 213, 313–6, 335–9 – see also census
Portes, A. 365n
Poskrebyshev, A. 88
Pospelov, P. N. 104–5, 238
postwar reconstruction 153–4
postwar reform (1946–8) 127–42, 350
prisons 161–72
prisoners’ rights 162
psychiatric 193–4, 254
private plots 184, 266, 320, 339, 362, 366, 367, 386
private sector 298 – see also shadow economy
privatization 369–70
privileges 228–232, 353–5, 368, 374
‘prophylaxis’ 191–4, 258, 260, 401–2
public health 214
purges 147, 323
1937–8 99–107, 245
– see also Zhdanovism
Radek, Karl 49, 303
Rakovsky, Christian 24, 44–5, 77–8
Rashin, A. G. 62
Rathenau, Walter 298
Reagan, Ronald 237
Red Army 289–90, 293–4
religion 190
Revsky 139
Riazanov, David (Goldendakh) 306
riots 322
Rittersporn, Gabor 123n
Riutin, Ivan 77
Rodod, Boris 239–40
Rogovsky, N. 352–3
Romm, Mikhail 241–2
Rosenberg, H. 383
Rudenko, R. 185, 186
on ‘prophylaxis’ 192–4
rukovoditeli (office-holders) 59–60
ruling class 346
Russian Federation 20, 23–4
Russian Revolution
1905 292, 388
1917 278–309, 388–9
Ryfkina, R. 365
Saburov, M. 238
Sakharov, Andrei D. 195, 250, 256
Samuelson, Lennart 91
second economy – see shadow economy
Second International 276, 297
Second World War 314–5, 372, 376–7, 384, 389
secret police – see KGB
Secretariat 89, 133, 138, 139, 234, 249, 346
Selunskaya, V. M. 57n, 63n
Semichastny 182, 185–90, 256, 258, 322
Serbskii, V. P. 194n
Serov, General 155, 179, 180, 238
shadow economy 361–70
Sharansky, A. 195
Shchelokov, N. A. 265
Shcherbitsky, V. V. 259
Shelepm, A. N. 179, 182, 185, 259, 347
Shelley, Louise 362, 363
Shingarev, A. I. 281
Shkredov, V. P. 250
Sholokhov, Mikhail 93–5
show-trials 247
Siberia 205, 207, 210, 256, 337, 340, 366
Simonov, Konstantin 93
Sinyavsky, Andrei 197
Skliansky, Efraim 17
Slonim, M. 129
snaby-sbyty (supply and sale) 354–5, 359–60, 364, 368, 370
socialism
decreed by Stalin (1937) 61
democracy and 379
‘in one country’ 36–7
Russian Revolution and 295
socialist realism 49
Socialist Revolutionaries 278, 281, 282, 284, 286, 287
sociology 326–7
shadow economy and 366–8
soglasovyvanie (negotiation-coordination) 217–8
Sokolnikov, G. I. 21
Solomon, Peter 166, 170n
Solovev, A. 144, 376
Solzhenitsyn 195–8, 256
Khrushchev and 241
Soviet Writers’ Congress (1934) 49, 51
soviets 278–9, 283, 284, 284, 286, 288
sovnarkhozy (economic councils) 221–3
space race 385
stagnation 370–1, 374
Stalin, Joseph
Bolshevism and 14
concept of power 32–4
contradictory assessments of 12–3
culture and 90
death 154–6
destroys party democracy 37–8
executions 105
Lenin and 14–8, 145
methodology 92–7
transformation of Communist Party 75–7, 64–5
Stalinism 263, 319, 322–2
as cult 147–9
as despotism plus industrialization 146–7
as neo-Tsarism 145, 154
as systemic paranoia 82
contradictory assessments of 10–1
internal contradiction 143–4
Leninism and 300–1
Mikoyan and 245
misinterpreted 378–9, 384
naming of 10
need to reassess 4
origins of 290–1
– see also Great Russian nationalism
Startseva, A. I. 176n
state capitalism 298–9, 306
Stavropol 340
steel 261, 296
stikhia (spontaneity) 203, 323
strikes 73–4, 321
Novocherkask (1962) 184–5
Strogovich, M. 252
Struchkov, N. A. 162n, 163n
students 257, 321, 327
suicide 78
Sverdlov, Jakov 249, 258, 259, 261–2, 302
‘swamp’ 262, 263
tekuchka – see labour, movement of
television 386
Terebilov, V. I. 174, 176n
Tereshchenko, M. I. 283
terror 77, 79, 81, 104–5, 131, 154, 239–40, 307, 321, 324
consequences 108, 109
numbers affected 124, 397–404 – see also NKVD
‘thaw’ 156
The Gulag Archipelago 196–7
Third International (1919) 297
Tikhonov, N. A. 232
Tikunov, V. S. 185
Timofeev, L. M. 361n, 369n
totalitarianism 273–4, 351, 376, 378–9
Trapeznikov, S. P. 265, 295
Trotsky, Leon 13, 16–7, 19, 26–7, 77, 131, 247, 294, 299, 308, 310, 343–4
as apostate 36
assessment of Russia in 1917 288
misjudges Stalin (1923) 27, 29
on market economy 359
on role of party 350
written out of history 34
Tsarism 274, 278, 280, 287, 294, 387
First World War and 292
– see also neo-Tsarism
Tsvigun, Semen 257, 261–2
Tukhachevsky, Marshal 91–2
Turchin, V. F. 250
Tvardovsky, Alexander 195, 196–8, 241, 251
Ukraine 20, 24, 127, 141, 154, 180, 207, 221, 238, 336
Ulianova, Maria 28
Ulrikh, V. 112
upravlentsy (administrative cadres) 218
urbanization 60–5, 72, 202–3, 205, 211, 251, 311, 316, 317–9, 347, 373
bureaucracy and 343
USSR
coercion and 68–9
formation of 22–3, 27, 30
Ustinov, D. 233, 257
Vas’kina, L. I. 55n
velikoderzhavniki (chauvinism) 24–5, 26, 29, 36–7
Vernadsky, G. 376n
Victorov, V. A. 75–6
vodka 363
Voroshilov, Kalinin 13, 87, 91, 92–3, 156, 238
Bukharin and 98–9
Vorotnikov, V. I. 265–6
Voznesensky, N. A. 87, 96, 132
Vyshinsky, A. 110, 147
Warsaw 303
waste – see Anti-Waste Commission
West Germany – see Germany
White Sea Canal 115
Whites (monarchists) 278, 279–80, 285, 286, 287, 289, 294, 298
rehabilitated 387
Wiles, Peter 362
Wittfogel, Karl 146
Wolf, Markus 254–5
women 54, 64, 207, 212–3, 312, 314–6, 321, 337, 339, 341
working class 53–9, 321, 324–5
after 1917 304–5
World War I – see First World War
World War II – see Second World War
Woslenski, M. 228
Writers’ Congress (1934) 49, 51