fn2 Alexander Suvorov (1729–1800), celebrated general and field marshal; Edmond Rostand (1868–1918), French dramatist and poet.
fn3 Anton Rubinstein (1829–94), pianist and composer.
fn4 George Stephenson (1781–1848), British engineer known as the ‘Father of Railways’.
fn5 Marie François Carnot (1837–94), statesman and French president, assassinated while in office by an Italian anarchist.
10: The Midshipman
fn1 Semën Nadson (1862–87), popular poet at the turn of the twentieth century.
11: What Paradise Looks Like
fn1 Imam Shamil (1797–1871), political and spiritual leader of the northern Caucasus who led the military resistance to Russian expansion.
13: The Swarm
fn1 Nikolai Pirogov (1810–81), pioneering physician and surgeon.
fn2 The Department for Protecting Public Security and Order, the tsarist secret police, known by the acronym Okhranka or Okhrana.
fn3 Dmitry Bagrov (1887–1911), anarchist revolutionary as well as undercover agent for the Okhranka, hanged for the assassination of Prime Minister Pëtr Stolypin.
14: Water from the Limpopo
fn1 Nikolai Miklukho-Maklai (1844–88), anthropologist and explorer, lived among and wrote about the people of New Guinea.
16: Lime Blossoms
fn1 Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli (1700–71), Italian architect chiefly active in Russia; works include the Winter Palace in St Petersburg.
fn2 Afanasy Fet (1820–92), influential and beloved lyric poet.
17: Just a Little Boy
fn1 Nikolai Nekrasov (1821–78), poet and critic popular with the liberal intelligentsia.
fn2 The Black Hundreds were a collection of anti-revolutionary, anti-Semitic and pro-autocracy groups.
fn3 Alexei Kuropatkin (1848–1925), imperial minister of war 1898–1904; Anatoly Stessel (1848–1915), general and commander of the Port Arthur garrison during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–5).
18: The Red Lantern
fn1 Lieutenant Pëtr Schmidt (1867–1906), one of the leaders of the uprising in Sevastopol during the revolution of 1905, for which he was executed.
19: Deserted Tauris
fn1 Pavel Nakhimov (1802–55), Russian admiral killed in the Crimean War.
22: Kean, the Great Tragedian
fn1 Pavel Orlenev (1869–1932), famed actor of the stage and early silent films.
fn2 Alexandre Dumas’s Kean (1836), on the life of the famed English actor Edmund Kean (1787–1833).
25: Autumn Battles
fn1 Leonid Andreev (1871–1919), writer and playwright known for his dark pessimism.
26: ‘Living’ Languages
fn1 Henry IV of France (1553–1610), reigned 1589–1610.
fn2 Arkady Golikov (pen name Gaidar) (1904–41), writer chiefly of children’s stories.
fn3 Peter Altenberg (1859–1919), influential Viennese writer and poet.
27: ‘Gentlemen Schoolboys’
fn1 Mikhail Semënovich Sobakevich, an ursine, unsentimental landowner in Gogol’s Dead Souls; Tartarin de Tarascon, the naïve and slightly ridiculous hero of Alphonse Daudet’s eponymous novel (1872).
fn2 Valentin Serov (1865–1911) and Isaak Levitan (1860–1900), painters; Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915), composer; Vera Komissarzhevskaya (1864–1910), actress.
fn3 Georgy Plekhanov (1856–1918) and Nikolai Chernyshevsky (1828–89), radical Russian thinkers and writers.
fn4 Alexander Herzen (1812–70), Pëtr Kropotkin (1842–1921) and Sergei Stepnyak-Kravchinsky (1851–95), also radical Russian thinkers and writers.
fn5 Nikolai Ge (1831–94), realist painter known for his works on religious and historical themes.
fn6 Abraham Manievich (1881–1942), Jewish artist born in Ukraine, later emigrated to the United States.
fn7 Yelena Polevitskaya (1881–1973), actress of stage and screen in Russia and Europe, spent time in the Gulag in the early 1940s.
29: Wasting Time
fn1 Generals Vladimir Sukhomlinov (1848–1926), Vladimir Dragomirov (1862–1928), Alexei Kuropatkin (q.v.) and Paul von Rennenkampf (1854–1918).
fn2 Famous line spoken by Pavel Famusov in Alexander Griboedov’s Woe from Wit (1823).
fn3 Opening lines of ‘Autumn Elegy’ (1900) by Alexander Blok (1880–1921).
30: The Inn on the Braginka
fn1 Grigory Danilevsky (1829–90), author of novels on the history of Ukraine, including this, his first novel (1862).
31: My Grandmother’s Garden
fn1 Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–87), prolific Polish novelist, historian and journalist; Vladimir Korolenko (1853–1921), Ukrainian-Russian writer and political activist; Eliza Orzeszkowa (née Elžbieta Pawłowska) (1841–1910), noted Polish writer and social activist.
fn2 Friedrich Spielhagen (1829–1911), German novelist whose works were popular in Russia; Aleksander Głowacki (1847–1912) (pen name Bolesław Prus), Polish novelist and short story writer.
fn3 Henryk Wieniawski (1835–80), Polish composer and violinist.
33: Instructors of the Humanities
fn1 Valery Bryusov (1873–1924), Symbolist poet and writer.
fn2 Kondraty Ryleev (1795–1826), poet and leader of the Decembrist Revolt of 1825.
fn3 Konstantin Balmont (1867–1942), Symbolist poet, translator of Poe’s ‘The Raven’.
35: Razgulyai Square
fn1 From ‘Moscow’ (1840) by Fëdor Glinka (1786–1880).
fn2 Emile Verhaeren (1855–1916), Belgian Symbolist poet.
fn3 Painting from 1890 by Mikhail Nesterov (1862–1942) depicting a scene from the life of Sergei Radonezhsky (born Bartholomew), also Sergius of Radonezh, the great fourteenth-century holy man.
fn4 The opening line of Afanasy Fet’s verse epistle ‘A. L. Brzhevskaya’ (1879).
40: ‘Here Lives Nobody’
fn1 The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870–1924), and the Mensheviks, led by Yuly Martov (1873–1923), were the two main Marxist parties. The Socialist Revolutionary Party’s programme of agrarian socialism was popular among the Russian peasantry. The two main Jewish parties were the General Union of Jewish Workers in Lithuania, Poland and Russia (known as the Bund) and Paole Zion (‘Workers of Zion’), both of which were Marxist-socialist but were divided over the question of Zionism. The Dashnaks refers to the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, a nationalist-socialist organisation.
fn2 From Fet’s 1864 poem ‘By Life Tormented’.
41: An Unprecedented Autumn
fn1 Maurice Maeterlinck (1862–1949), Symbolist playwright, poet, essayist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1911); Georges Rodenbach (1855–98), journalist, poet and novelist remembered for his writings on life in Belgium.
fn2 Respectively, the country estates of the princes Yusupov and the counts Sheremetev.
42: The Copper Line
fn1 Fëdor Chaliapin (1873–1938), famed opera singer; Savva Mamontov (1841–1918), industrialist and arts patron.
fn2 Anastasia Vyaltseva (1871–1913), popular mezzo-soprano known as the ‘Queen of the Gramophone’.
fn3 From ‘Champagne Polonaise’ (1912) by Igor Lotarëv (pen name Severyanin) (1887–1941), one of the Ego-Futurist poets. The line ‘What tenderness ineffable’ on page 318 comes from his ‘Trait upon Trait’ (1914).
43: To One Side of the War
fn1 Alexei Tolstoy (1882–1945), prolific writer, distant relation of Leo Tolstoy, later supporter of the Soviet regime; Ivan Shmelëv (1873–1950), writer and publisher, emigrated in 1922; Boris Zaitsev (1881–1972), writer and dramatist, also emigrated in 1922.
fn2 Ivan Sytin (1851–1934), prominent Moscow publisher.
fn3 Alexei Savrasov (1830–97), painter, member of the Peredvizhniki (Wanderers) group.
fn4 Konstantin Korovin (1861–1939), Russian Impressionist painter.
46: Medical Orderly
fn1 An organisation created in 1914 by private citizens and groups to aid the government in the war effort.
47: Russia in Snow
fn1 Opening lines of an untitled poem by Balmont from his cycle Southern Cross (1914).
fn2 Gavrila Derzhavin (1743–1816), poet and statesman, born in Kazan.