Sedgwick, H., 465
Seneca, 126, 151
Sensation, 347f.
Shakespeare, 19, 136, 143, 180f., 471, 587, 618f., 691
Shelley, 18, 255, 455, 529, 660f.
Shotwell, J., 127
Sidney, Sir P., 135, 158
Silenus, 530
Simkhovitch, V., 132
Simmel, G., 581
Single tax, 252, 507
Slavery, 105
Smith, L. P., 639
Socialism, 150, 497f., 516f., 565f., 676
Sociology, 489f., 515f.
Socrates, xxxii, 5–15, 61f., 80, 83f., 121, 123f., 164, 177f., 192, 231, 235f., 458, 531f., 575, 653, 686
Sophists, 4, 8f., 83, 250
Soul, 356
Southey, R., 392
Space, 349f., 371f.
Spain, 188f.
Sparta, 2f., 23, 42f., 59
Spencer, H., 72, 219, 255, 378, 457–521, 522, 576, 584f., 606f., 623, 627, 680f.
Spengler, O., 448
Spinoza, 38, 156, 171, 187–256, 292, 330, 331f., 399, 404, 440, 462, 527, 538f., 609, 624f., 642, 645, 652f., 668
State, 245f., 495, 528, 655
Steinmetz, C., 372
Stendhal (Beyle), 230, 449, 533, 571
Stirner, Max (Schmidt), 22, 573, 576
Stoicism, 124f., 144, 448
Strauss, D., 380, 533
Strindberg, A., 455, 581f.
Studies, 143
Substance, 171, 194, 219f.
Suicide, 429
Sully, Duc de, 266
Superman, 102, 238, 544f., 553f.
Swift, J., 173, 267, 273
Swinburne, A., 455
Syllogism, 73, 78, 625
Tacitus, 143
Taine, H., 230, 259, 547, 561, 582, 676
Tallentyre, H., 258f.
Talleyrand, 343
Tarde, G., 114, 156, 513
Thales, 8, 80, 107
Thebes, 66
Thomson, J. A., 471
Thoreau, H. D., xxviii, 241, 637
Thrace, 65
Thrasymachus, 20f., 51, 575
Thucydides, 23
Tieck, L., 381
Time, 349f.
Timocracy, 659
Tolerance, 630
Tolstoi, 25, 686
Tragedy, 95f., 529
Truth, 142f., 668f.
Tschirnhaus, 204
Turgenev, L., xxix
Turgot, J., 61, 319f., 458
Twain, Mark (Clemens), 637
Tylor, E., 464f.
Tyndall, J., 471, 519
Unconscious, the, 228f., 596
Universals, 76
Unknowable, the, 473f.
Uriel a Costa, 190, 197
Utopia, 24f., 104, 172f., 390
Van Den Ende, 192, 200
Van Vloten, 195, 202
Vauvenargues, 561
Vegetarianism, 466
Vesalius, 134
Vespucci, A., 462
Vico, G., 609f., 615
Virgil, 159f., 452
Virtue, 10, 97, 235f.
Voltaire, 9, 208, 257–328, 375, 379, 391, 426, 452, 522f., 538, 561, 607
Von Baer, K., 87f.
Vries, Simon de, 205
Wagner, Cosima, 583
Wagner, R., 399, 440, 528, 529, 540, 560, 573f., 579
Wallace, A. R., 461
Wallace, W., 344, 378, 393
Wallas, G., 156
Walpole, H., 285, 450
War, 47f., 318, 368f., 494f., 505, 556, 567f., 655f
Washington, G., 635
Watson, J., 378
Weimar, 393
Weininger, O., 107
Weismann, A., 485f.
Wells, H. G., 172, 518
Wesley, J., 462
Whitman, W., 117, 238, 637
Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, 574
Wilhelm II, 504
Will, 228f., 404f., 489, 529
Will-to-power, 548f., 577
Wilson, E. B., 597
Winckelmann, J., 439
Witt, Jan de, 205f.
Wöllner, J., 364
Woman, 45f., 90, 107f., 445f., 454f., 520, 563f.
Woodbridge, F. J. E., 222
Wordsworth, 254f., 392
Xanthippe, 7
Xenophanes, 224f.
Youmans, E. L., 473
Youth, 148, 426f.
Zedlitz, K., 364
Zeitgeist, 386f.
Zeller, E., 65, 72f.
Zeno of Elea, 8
Zeno the stoic, 124f.
Zola, E., 306
Zoroaster, 540
Endnotes
1 The first volume of The Story of Civilization attempts to atone for this omission.
1 Nietzsche, The Joyful Wisdom, pref.
2 De Augmentis Scientiarum, VIII, 2.
1Politics, 1341.
2Cf. Voltaire’s story of the two Athenians conversing about Socrates: “That is the atheist who says there is only one God.” Philosophical Dictionary, art. “Socrates.”
3Plato’s Protagoras, sect. 329.
4In The Clouds (423 B.C.) Aristophanes had made great fun of Socrates and his “Thinking-shop,” where one learned the art of proving one’s self right, however wrong. Phidippides beats his father on the ground that his father used to beat him, and every debt should be repaid. The satire seems to have been good-natured enough: we find Aristophanes frequently in the company of Socrates; they agreed in their scorn of democracy; and Plato recommended The Clouds to Dionysius. As the play was brought out twenty-four years before the trial of Socrates, it could have had no great share in bringing the tragic dénouement of the philosopher’s life.
5Phaedo, sections 116–118, tr. Jowett.
6Quoted by Barker, Greek Political Theory, London, 1918, p. 5.
7Protagoras, 320.
8Pour qu’on lise Platon, Paris, 1905, p. 4.
9The most important of the dialogues are: The Apology of Socrates, Crito, Phædo, The Symposium, Phædrus, Gorgias, Parmenides, and The Statesman. The most important parts of The Republic (references are to marginally-numbered sections, not to pages) are 327–32, 336–77, 384–5, 392–426, 433–5, 441–76, 481–3, 512–20, 572–94. The best edition is Jowett’s; the most convenient is in the Everyman series. References are to The Republic unless otherwise stated.
10Representative Men, p. 41.
11Thus Spake Zarathustra, New York, 1906, p. 166.
12Gorgias 491; cf. Machiavelli’s definition of virtù as intellect plus force.
13Barker, p. 73.
14History of the Peloponnesian War, v. 105.
15Cf. Daniel O’Connelclass="underline" “Let me write the songs of a nation, and I care not who makes its laws.”
16The details of the argument for the interpretation here given of the doctrine of Ideas may be followed in D.G. Ritchie’s Plato, Edinburgh, 1902, especially pp. 49 and 85.
17Faguet, p. 10.
1Grote, Aristotle, London, 1872, p. 4; Zeller, Aristotle and the Earlier Peripatetics, London, 1897, vol. i, pp. 6 f.
2Benn, The Greek Philosophers, London, 1882, vol. i, p. 283.
3Vol. i, p. 11.
4The Walk was called Peripatos; hence the later name, Peripatetic School. The athletic field was part of the grounds of the temple of Apollo Lyceus—the protector of the flock against the wolf (lycos).
5Hist. Nat., viii, 16; in Lewes, Aristotle, a Chapter from the History of Science, London, 1864, p. 15.
6Grant, Aristotle, Edinburgh, 1877, p. 18.
7The expedition reported that the inundations were due to the melting of the snow on the mountains of Abyssinia.
8Zeller, i, 264, 443.
9This is the chronological order, so far as known (Zeller, i, 156 f). Our discussion will follow this order except in the case of the “Metaphysics.”
10Cf. Zeller, ii, 204, note; and Shule: History of the Aristotelian Writings.
11The reader who wishes to go to the philosopher himself will find the Meteorology an interesting example of Aristotle’s scientific work; he will derive much practical instruction from the Rhetoric; and he will find Aristotle at his best in books i-ii of the Ethics, and books i–iv of the Politics. The best translation of the Ethics is Welldon’s; of the Politics, Jowett’s. Sir Alexander Grant’s Aristotle is a simple book; Zeller’s Aristotle (vols. iii–iv in his Greek Philosophy) is scholarly but dry; Gomprez’s Greek Thinkers (vol. iv) is masterly but difficult.