80Politics, vii, 16.
81Ibid., vii, 4.
82Ibid., v, 9; viii, 1.
83Ibid., vi, 4; ii, 5.
84Ibid., iii, 4; ii, 5.
85Politics, i, 2. “Or,” adds Nietzsche, who takes nearly all of his political philosophy from Aristotle, “one must be both—that is, a philosopher.”
86Politics, iv, 5; ii, 9; v, 7; ii, 11.
87Ibid., iii, 13. Aristotle probably had Alexander or Philip in mind while writing this passage, just as Nietzsche seems to have been influenced towards similar conclusions by the alluring careers of Bismarck and Napoleon.
88Politics, iii, 11. Cf. the modern argument for “occupational representation.”
89Ibid., ii, 11.
90Ibid., iii, 15, 8, 11.
91Politics, iii, 15. Tarde, Le Bon and other social psychologists assert precisely the contrary; and though they exaggerate the vices of the crowd, they might find better support than Aristotle in the behavior of the Athenian Assembly 430–330 B.C.
92Ibid., ii, 9.
93Ibid., iv, 11, 10.
94“If you wish me to weep you must weep first”—Horace (Ars Poetica) to actors and writers.
95Grote, 20.
96Grote, 22; Zeller, 1, 37 note.
1The table on pages 130–137 indicates approximately the main lines of philosophical development in Europe and America.
2Quoted as motto on the title-page of Anatole France’s Garden of Epicurus.
3Professor Shotwell (Introduction to the History of History) calls it “the most marvelous performance in all antique literature.”
4Paraphrase by Mallock: Lucretius on Life and Death, pp. 15–16.
5V., 830 f., translation by Munro.
6Enchiridion and Dissertations of Epictetus; ed. Rolleston; p. 81.
7Ibid., xxxvi.
8Ibid., 86.
9II, 1170. This oldest is also the latest theory of the decline of Rome; cf. Simkhovitch: Toward the Understanding of Jesus; New York, 1921.
10Robinson and Beard: Outlines of European History; Boston, 1914, i, 443.
11Bacon: The Advancement of Learning; bk. ii, ch. 10. A medieval motto showed a ship turning back at Gibraltar into the Mediterranean, with the inscription, Non plus ultra—go no farther.
12E.J. Payne in The Cambridge Modern History, i, 65.
13Essays: New York, 1860; iii, 342.
14Translation by Abbott: Francis Bacon; London, 1885; p. 37.
15Nichoclass="underline" Francis Bacon; Edinburgh, 1907; i, 37.
16Hundreds of volumes have been written on this aspect of Bacon’s career. The case against Bacon, as “the wisest and meanest of mankind” (so Pope called him), will be found in Macaulay’s essay, and more circumstantially in Abbott’s Francis Bacon; these would apply to him his own words: “Wisdom for a man’s self is the wisdom of rats, that will be sure to leave a house somewhat before it falls” (Essay “Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self”). The case for Bacon is given in Spedding’s Life and Times of Francis Bacon, and in his Evenings with a Reviewer (a detailed reply to Macaulay). In medio veritas.
17The author has thought it better in this section to make no attempt to concentrate further the already compact thought of Bacon, and has preferred to put the philosopher’s wisdom in his own incomparable English rather than to take probably greater space to say the same things with less clarity, beauty, and force.
18Valerius Terminus, ad fin.
19“Of Studies.”
20Dedication of Wisdom of the Ancients.
21De Augmentis, viii, 3.
22The author’s preference is for Essays 2, 7, 8, 11, 12, 16, 18, 20, 27, 29, 38, 39, 42, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54.
23Adv. of L., vii, 2. Certain passages from this book are brought in here, to avoid a repetition of topics under each work.
24“Of Nature in Men.”
25“Of Regiment of Health.”
26Adv. of L., xii, 2.
27“Of Goodness.”
28Adv. of L., vii, 1.
29“Of Atheism.”
30Ibid.
31Letter to Lord Burghley, 1606.
32“Of Marriage and Single Life.” Contrast the more pleasing phrase of Shakespeare, that “Love gives to every power a double power.”
33“Of Love.”
34“Of Followers and Friends”; “Of Friendship.”
35“Of Parents and Children.”
36“Of Custom.”
37“Of Dispatch.”
38“Of the True Greatness of Kingdoms.”
39“Of Seditions and Troubles.”
40Ibid.
41In Nichol, ii, 149.
42Adv. of L., vi., 3.
43Ibid., i.
44Ibid.
45Preface to Magna Instauratio.
46Redargutio Philosophiarum.
47Bacon’s actual works under the foregoing heads are chiefly these:
I. De Interpretatione Naturae Proemium (Introduction to the Interpretation of Nature, 1603); Redargutio Philosophiarum (A Criticism of Philosophies, 1609).
II. The Advancement of Learning (1603–5); (translated as De Augmentis Scientiarum, 1622).
III. Cogitata et Visa (Things Thought and Seen, 1607); Filum Labyrinthi (Thread of the Labyrinth, 1606); Novum Organum (The New Organon, 1608–20).
IV. Historia Naturalis (Natural History, 1622); Descriptio Globi Intellectualis (Description of the Intellectual Globe, 1612).
V. Sylva Sylvarum (Forest of Forests, 1624).
VI. De Principiis (On Origins, 1621).
VII. The New Atlantis (1624).
Note.—All of the above but The New Atlantis and The Advancement of Learning were written in Latin; and the latter was translated into Latin by Bacon and his aides, to win for it a European audience. Since historians and critics always use the Latin titles in their references, these are here given for the convenience of the student.
48Preface to Magna Instauratio.
49“Plan of the Work.”
50Adv. of L., iv, 2.
51Ibid., vi, 3.
52Ibid., ii, 1.
53De Aug., iv.
54Adv. of L., iv, 2.
55Ibid.
56Novum Organum, i, 60.
57De Interpretatione Naturae, in Nichol, ii, 118.