32Brandes, Main Currents, i, 3.
33Tallentyre, 226, 230.
34In Sainte-Beuve, i, 218.
35Morley, 146.
36Tallentyre, 291.
37Robertson, 23; Morley, 215; Tallentyre, Voltaire in His Letters, New York, 1919, p. 222.
38Pellissier, 213.
39Essai sur les Moeurs, Introduction.
40In Morley, 220.
41Matthew Arnold’s description of history.
42Brandes, François de Voltaire.
43In Morley, 275.
44Voltaire in His Letters, 40–41.
45In Buckle, History of Civilization, I, 580.
46Morley, 239.
47Tallentyre, 349.
48Morley, 335.
49In Sainte-Beuve, i, 221.
50Selected Works of Voltaire; London, 1911; pp. 3–5.
51Tallentyre, 231.
52Introd. to Candide, Modern Library edition.
53Candide, p. 7.
54P. 104.
55Taine, The Ancient Régime.
56Robertson, 87.
57Philosophic Dictionary, New York, 1901; vol. ix, p. 198.
58Ibid., 42.
59In Pellissier, 11, note.
60Robertson, 122.
61Dictionary, article “Ignorance.”
62Romances, 450 f.
63“What do I know?”
64In Pellissier, 28, note.
65Voltaire’s Prose, ed. Cohn and Woodward; Boston, 1918; p. 54.
66In Pellissier, 29–30.
67Correspondence, Nov. 11, 1765.
68Tallentyre, 319; questioned by some.
69Selected Works, p. 62.
70Ibid., 65.
71Essai sur les Moeurs; Prose Works, p. 14.
72Ibid., p. 26.
73Robertson, 112.
74In Sainte-Beuve, ii, 146.
75In Pellissier, 101.
76Selected Works, p. 26. Voltaire himself was something of an anti-Semite, chiefly because of his not quite admirable dealings with the financiers.
77Ibid., 26–35.
78IX, 21.
79Essai sur les Moeurs, part ii, ch. 9; in Morley, 322.
80Selected Works, 63.
81Cf. The Sage and the Atheist, chs. 9 and 10.
82Voltaire in His Letters, p. 81.
83Dictionary, art. “Providence.”
84Correspondence, Feb. 26, 1767.
85Romances, p. 412.
86The Ignorant Philosopher.
87Dictionary, art. “Soul.”
88In Morley, ed. 1886; p. 286.
89Dictionary, art. “Resurrection.”
90Romances, p. 411.
91In Pellissier, 169.
92Dictionary, art. “Religion.”
93In Pellissier, 172.
94Correspondence, Sept. 11, 1738.
95Correspondence, Sept. 18, 1763.
96In Pellissier, 237, note, and 236.
97Pellissier, 23; Morley, 86.
98Dictionary, art. “Property.”
99Dictionary, art. “Fatherland.”
100Correspondence, June 20, 1777.
101Pellissier, 222.
102The Ignorant Philosopher.
103Dictionary, art. “War.”
104Correspondence, April 1, 1766.
105Voltaire’s Prose, p. 15.
106Dictionary, art. “Equality.”
107Art. “Government.”
108Pellissier, 283.
109In Sainte-Beuve, i, 234.
110Correspondence, April 2, 1764.
111Selected Works, 62.
112Correspondence, Aug. 30, 1755.
113Ibid., Mar. 1765.
114In Sainte-Beuve, i, 230.
115Voltaire in His Letters, 65.
116Correspondence, Aug. 25, 1766.
117Sainte-Beuve, i, 235.
118Robertson, 71.
119Ibid., 67.
120Tallentyre, 497.
121Tallentyre, 535.
122Ibid., 538.
123Morley, 262.
124Tallentyre, 525.
125Ibid., 545.
1The Will to Power, vol. ii, part I.
2The World as Will and Idea, London, 1883; vol. ii, p. 30.
3The Critique of Pure Reason, London, 1881; vol. ii, p. xxvii. All subsequent references are to volume two.
4Quoted in Royce, The Spirit of Modern Philosophy, Boston, 1892; p. 98.
5The doctrine that all behavior is motived by the pursuit of pleasure.
6Cf. Confessions, bk. X; vol. ii, p. 184.
7The World as Will and Idea, London, 1883; vol. ii, p. 133.
8In Paulsen, Immanuel Kant; New York, 1910; p. 82.
9Ibid., p. 56.
10So Wallace suggests: Kant, Philadelphia, 1882: p. 115.
11Introd. to Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason; London, 1909; p. xiii.
12Wallace, p. 100.
13A word about what to read. Kant himself is hardly intelligible to the beginner, because his thought is insulated with a bizarre and intricate terminology (hence the paucity of direct quotation in this chapter). Perhaps the simplest introduction is Wallace’s Kant, in the Blackwood Philosophical Classics. Heavier and more advanced is Paulsen’s Immanuel Kant. Chamberlain’s Immanuel Kant (2 vols.; New York, 1914) is interesting but erratic and digressive. A good criticism of Kant may be found in Schopenhauer’s World as Will and Idea; vol. ii. pp. 1–159. But caveat emptor.
14Critique of Pure Reason, pref. p. xxiv.
15Ibid., p. xxiii.
16Ibid., p. I.
17P. 4.
18“Radical empiricism” (James, Dewey, etc.) enters the controversy at this point, and argues, against both Hume and Kant, that experience gives us relations and sequences as well as sensations and events.
19Critique of Pure Reason, p. 10.
20Critique, p. 37. If Kant had not added the last clause, his argument for the necessity of knowledge would have fallen.
21So John Stuart Mill, with all his English tendency to realism, was driven at last to define matter as merely “a permanent possibility of sensations.”
22The World as Will and Idea; vol. ii, p. 7.
23Critique, p. 215.
24Wallace, p. 82.
25Heine, Prose Miscellanies, Philadelphia, 1876; p. 146.