16. Interview with Mikheil Saakashvili, 31 March 2011.
17. Interview with Sergei Prikhodko, 30 June 2011.
18. I do not regard Saakashvili as a particularly reliable witness. His interview for the TV series contained at least two ‘memories’ that are verifiably false. He has a clear tendency to embellish stories to his own advantage.
19. Interview on Ekho Moskvy, published 7 August 2011.
20. Medvedev interview with Russia Today, PIK-TV and Ekho Moskvy, published 5 August 2011.
21. Interview with Condoleezza Rice, 20 June 2011.
22. Interview with Radoslaw Sikorski, 25 November 2010.
23. I accept that this is an oversimplification. The ethnic balance of Abkhazia changed hugely over the decades: the Abkhaz were once the majority ethnic group, and huge numbers of Georgians and Russians were brought into the region during the Soviet period – a deliberate Georgian policy, the Abkhaz say, to turn them into a minority.
24. Interview with Jean-David Levitte, 12 March 2011.
25. Medvedev interview with Russia Today, etc, 5 August 2011.
26. Interview with Condoleezza Rice, 14 April 2011.
27. Interview with Sergei Lavrov, 25 October 2010.
28. Interview with Mikheil Saakashvili, 31 March 2011.
29. Interview with Robert Gates, 16 May 2011.
30. Interview with Stephen Hadley, 24 January 2011.
31. In a live television phone-in programme on 4 December 2008 Putin was asked by a viewer, ‘Is it true that you promised to hang Saakashvili by “one place”?’ Putin paused for a moment, smiled, and replied: ‘Why by “one”?’
Chapter 11. Resetting Relations with the West
1. Interview with Michael McFaul, 15 April 2011.
2. Interview with Sergei Ryabkov, 27 October 2010.
3. Interview with Sergei Prikhodko, 30 June 2011.
4. Interview with James Jones, 4 March 2011.
Chapter 12. The Strongman and His Friends
1. Interview with Alexei Kudrin, 14 December 2010.
2. Interview with German Gref, 7 December 2010.
3. Sergei Guriev and Aleh Tsyvinski, ‘Challenges Facing the Russian Economy after the Crisis’, in Sergei Guriev, Anders Aslund and Andrew Kuchins (eds), Russia After the Global Economic Crisis (The Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2010), p 21.
4. Interview with Arkady Dvorkovich, 29 June 2011.
5. Kommersant, No. 124, 13 July 2010.
6. Currently available only in Russian and Swedish.
7. http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings (last accessed 7 September 2011). The top ten countries for ease of doing business are, in order: Singapore, Hong Kong, New Zealand, UK, USA, Denmark, Canada, Norway, Ireland, Australia.
8. http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2011/05/24_a_3627341.shtml (last accessed 7 September 2011).
9. http://news.kremlin.ru/transcripts/9368 (last accessed 7 September 2011).
10. Report by INDEM foundation, quoted in V. Milov, B. Nemtsov, V. Ryzhkov and O. Shorina (eds), Putin. Korruptsiya. Nezavisimyy ekspertnyy doklad (Moscow, 2011).
11. http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/752 (last accessed 7 September 2011).
12. http://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/1247042/skandal_s_zakupkami_tomografov (last accessed 7 September 2011).
13. http://www.ria.ru/trend/belevitin_case_02062011/ (last accessed 7 September 2011).
14. Financial Times, 12 November 2010.
15. http://en.rian.ru/russia/20110706/165063309.html (last accessed 8 September 2011).
16. See http://www.russian-untouchables.com/eng/ (last accessed 7 September 2011).
17. Guardian, 21 December 2007. In a different interview, with Die Welt, Belkovsky put Putin’s stake in Gunvor at 50 rather than 7 per cent.
18. Putin’s own website reprints an article from the opposition newspaper Novaya gazeta about the prime minister’s network of business friends and interests: http://premier.gov.ru/pda/eng/premier/press/ru/4558/ (last accessed 7 September 2011).
19. Financial Times, 15 May 2008.
20. Milov, Nemtsov, Ryzhkov and Shorina (eds), Putin. Korruptsiya. Nezavisimyy ekspertnyy doklad.
21. Guardian, 1 December 2010.
22. http://navalny.livejournal.com/526563.html.
23. http://rospil.info/results.
24. See Julia Joffe’s excellent account of Navalny’s work in The New Yorker, 4 April 2011.
Chapter 13. Tandemology
1. Interview with Dimitry Muratov, 14 December 2010.
2. Interview with Arkady Dvorkovich, 29 June 2011.
3. Interview with Olga Kryshtanovskaya in Svobodnaya pressa, 8 February 2011, www.svpressa.ru/politic/article/38451 (last accessed 7 September 2011).
4. http://www.bfm.ru/news/2011/08/29/dvorkovich-zubkov-ne-ujdet-iz-gazproma-do-1-oktjabrja.html (last accessed 7 September 2011).
5. Guardian, 1 July 2011.
6. Financial Times, 20 June 2011.
7. http://www.rferl.org/content/medvedev_talks_reform_in_st_petersburg/24238558.html (last accessed 7 September 2011).
Conclusion
1. I notice that my book about the Gorbachev years ended very hopefully. See Angus Roxburgh, The Second Russian Revolution (London: BBC Books, 1991).
2. Sunday Times, 14 August 2011.
3. http://www.valdaiclub.com/history/29960.html – 18 August 2011 (last accessed 7 September 2011).
ILLUSTRATIONS
