Kopelev, L. 238
Kornai, Janos 359
Korolenko, V.G. 46, 47
Korotich, Vitaly, editor of Ogonyok 342
Kosesnitsky, I.F. 298
Kosterina, Nina 164
Kozhanov, V. 223–6
Kropotkin, Peter, Prince 47, 332
Kryakutnoy, balloonist fantasy 131
Kuban Cossacks 138
Kuvakin, V.A. 28, 61-2
Lakshin, Vladimir 161, 179, 338, 343
on Sozhenitsyn 166, 173, 177
Larin, Sergei 47-8
The Last Term (Rasputin) 219
Latsis, O. 192, 193
Lee, Jerzy 313
Left-wing xi-xii, 208-9, 337-40, 353, 362-4
manifesto 349-52
samizdat 346-7
theoretical languages 348-9
Western 363-4
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, and Leninism attitudes towards culture 58, 69–71
battls bureaucracy 64, 66, 87
Christianity 27, 29–30
Bolshevik aims 40-1, 42-3, 44-8
intelligentsia and 32, 55-6, 68, 200, 357
New Economic Policy 194-5
on Thermidorian reaction 295
partisanship of literature 93
philosophy 18, 20, 119
workers and serfs 11, 23, 25
see also Bolsheviks; Communism; Marx and Marxism Leonhard, Wolfgang 6, 77, 247
Leonov, L., The Russian Forest 152-3
Lermontov, Mikhail 20
Lewin, Moshe 64, 66
Lezhnev, Isai 53-4, 62-3
liberalization xi, 339
disappointment after Khrushchev 201-3
Gorbachev era x, 318-40
Khrushchev 149-52, 154-5, 174-6, 180, 356
Life and Fate (Grossman) ix, 333-4, 344
Lifshitz, Mikhail 104, 140-1
Lim, A. 211-12
Lisichkin, G. 83-4, 192-5
literature and criticism 4
acceptance of Bolsheviks 49–50
analytic tendency 262-3
anti-Semitic 328-9
anti-Stalinist 164, 173-4, 176-9
book boom of 1970s 261
censorship 108, 189
changes under Gorbachev 320-1, 343-4
criticism 152-4, 165-6
dissident elite 214
history of 20, 95, 156
interpretation by nationalists 233-4
liberalization under Khrushchev 149-61
moral role of writers 6–7, 9, 16, 181-2
nationalism 218-19
post-reform disappointment 202-7
socialist realism 112-15, 116, 137-41
Stalinist control 93-4, 130
see also censorship; culture; publishing; theatre Labanov, M. 227
‘Educated Philistinism’ 229
The Louse (Shevtsov) 168-9
Lukács, Georg 273
Lukin, V. 300, 303
Lunacharsky, A.V. 119, 153
Luxemburg, Rosa 39, 43, 45, 64, 239
Lysenko, T. 121-2, 130, 188-9, 277
Lyubers 336-7
Lyubimov, Yuri 321-2, 324
Maksimov, A. 130, 238
Mal'kov, V. 180
Malevich, Kasimir, ‘Black Square’ 49
Marcuse, Herbert 68, 84, 86, 359
Marek, F. and E. Pischer, What Lenin Really Said 170
Markus, M. 292-3
Martinet, Gilles 91
Martov, Julius 46, 47, 239
Marx, Karl and Marxism alienation 85
Asiatic mode of production 10–11, 82
bureaucracy and 70, 80, 267
on censorship 104-5
‘class’ undefined 81 historical materialism 292-6
internationalism 228
superstructure and base schema 5–6 criticism of 30-1, 48, 78
degradation of 95-6, 176, 303-4
industrialism necessary 22-3, 41, 76, 178
philosophy 30, 272-8, 279-80, 282-8
politics 5, 79
religion of 36n80, 160, 221
renewed interest in 332, 345, 357
replaces local populism 36n57
see also dogma; Engels; philosophy; socialism Marxism in the 20th Century (Garaudy) 274
Mayakovsky, V. 49, 147-8, 200-1
Maydannik, K.L. 296
Medvedev, Roy 102, 148-9, 283, 306n62
on anti-Semitism 129
on exodus of peasants to cities 91
on Khrushchev era 142, 166
on Novy Mir 157
on Red and White terrors 239
Political Diary 9, 165
on Stalin 89, 190
Medvedev, Zhores 48, 51, 52, 147
against Lysenko 188-9, 277
A Meeting of the Party Committee (Gelman) 269-70
Mensheviks 64, 65
split with Bolsheviks 22, 25
Merezhkovsky, D. 28, 29, 34
Meshcheryakov, N. 54-5, 62
Metropol' (Vysotsky) 206
Michnik, A. 311
Mighty Handful 116
Milyukov 25-6, 33
Mlynař, Z. 198
moral criticism 180-2, 214-15
‘Mosaic’ 331
Moscow News 342
Mother (Gorky) 113, 205
Motyl', V. 261
Mounier, Emmanuel 135
music 115, 202
censorship 116, 130
rock 329-30, 331-2, 345
Naan,G. 130
Narodniks 21, 22-3, 332
nationalism 216-37, 337
Stalin 131-5
Slavophiles 17–18, 27, 216, 218-19, 221-31
Nedoshivin, G. 169-70
Nekrich, 22
June 1941 190 New Economic Policy 63, 64, 194-5
Nicaragua 363
Nineteen Eighty Four (Orwell) 80-1
Not By Bread Alone (Dudintsev) 157, 158-9
Novacherkassk strike 175
Novaya Rossiya 62, 63
Novaya Zhizn' 38-9, 42
Novy Mir 141, 166, 338
censorship 104, 105, 136-7, 140
economic theory 191
literary centre 157, 203-4, 213
loss of uniqueness 210-11
on corruption of creativity 120-1
revival 343
The Old Man (Trifanov) 262
On Idols and Ideals (Il'enkov) 273
‘On Sincerity in Literature’ (Pomerantsev) 137-41
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Solzhenitsyn) 161, 173-4, 176-7, 178, 181
One-Dimensional Man (Marcuse) 86
The Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt) 42
Orlov, V. 50
Orlova, R. 143
Ortega y Gasset, José 176
Orwell, George 5, 80-1, 288
Osipov, V. 232
Ostrovsky, The Storm 233
Our Revolution (Lenin) 40
Ovechkin, V. 104, 141
Pamyat' (Memory) 335, 348, 354, 356
Parfenov, Kirill 334, 335
Pasternak, Boris, Doctor Zhivago 104, 159, 344
Pavlovksy, Gleb 333, 335, 342
Pelikan, I. 201
People, Years, Life (Ehrenburg) 164-5, 167
Perakh, Mark 140
perestroika see Gorbachev, Mikhaiclass="underline" reforms
Peter I (the Great) 12–13, 41
Petrakov, N. 191, 199
Philosophical Notebooks (Lenin) 273
philosophy 4, 96, 272-8
Bakhtin and culture 278-82
dialectical 200, 273, 276-8
Engels 276-7
Hegel 19, 30, 273, 277
idealism 27, 29
Lenin 272-8, 279-80, 282-8
positivism 27
utopian 285-7
see also Frankfurt School; Marx and Marxism
Pirates of the Twentieth Century 260-1
Pischer, E. and F. Marek, What Lenin Really Said 170
Plan and Market (Lisichkin) 193-5
Plastov 116-17, 134
Plekhanov, ideology 120, 238