27 Advertising Age “As YouTube Tinkers With Ad Formula, Its Stars See Their Videos Lose Money” by Garett Sloane (March 30th 2017)
28 NBC News “Fake News: How a Partying Macedonian Teen Earns Thousands Publishing Lies” by Alexander Smith and Vladimir Banic (December 9th 2016)
29 Fox News “Here’s a List of Everyone & Everything Hillary Has Blamed for Her Loss” (June 1st 2017)
30 Wired “Inside the Macedonian Fake-News Complex” by Samantha Subramanian (February 15th 2017J)
31 NPR “We Tracked Down A Fake-News Creator In The Suburbs. Here’s What We Learned” by Laura Sydell (November 23rd 2016)
32 The Denver Post “There is no such thing as the Denver Guardian, despite that Facebook post you saw” by Eric Lubbers (November 5th 2016)
33 Celebtricity.com “Donald Trump Caught Snorting Cocaine by Hotel Staff”
34 Ibid.
35 Columbia Journalism Review “Is Fake News a Fake Problem?” by Jacob L. Nelson (January 31, 2017)
36 New Statesman “Preview: Ken Livingstone: ‘The world is run by monsters’” by Alice Gribbin (February 8th 2012)
37 The Hill “The biggest loser in 2016? The mainstream media and journalism” by Patrick Maines (November 15th 2016)
38 New York Times “Can the Media Recover from This Election?” by Jim Rutenberg and James Poniewozik (November 8th 2016
39 Fortune “How Much Will Cable News’ Record Ratings Drop Post-Election?” by Tom Huddleston Jr. (November 12th 2016)
40 The Washington Times “‘Watch out for the lying media’; Press ranked more unethical than drug, banking, tech industries” by Jennifer Harper (December 1st 2016)
41 Politico “Polclass="underline" 6 in 10 Americans think traditional news outlets report fake news” by Kelsey Sutton (March 29th 2017)
42 The Guardian “Former Ku Klux Klan leader and US alt-right hail election result” by Esther Addley (November 9th 2016)
43 Ibid.
44 News.com.Au “Netflix ‘Dear White People’ trailer sparks backlash” by Frank Chung (February 9th 2017)
45 The Hill “Pro-Trump journalist sues Fusion reporter for defamation” by Max Greenwood (June 1st 2017)
46 The Independent “Two members of alt-right accused of making white supremacist hand signs in White House after receiving press passes” by Emily Shugerman (April 30th 2017)
47 The Intercept “Washington Post Disgracefully Promotes a McCarthyite Blacklist From a New, Hidden, and Very Shady Group” by Ben Norton and Glenn Greenwald (November 26th 2016)
48 The Nation “‘The Washington Post’ Promotes a McCarthyite Blacklist” by James Carden (December 28th 2016)
49 Rolling Stone “The ‘Washington Post’ ‘Blacklist’ Story Is Shameful and Disgusting” by Matt Taibbi (November 28th 2016)
50 Washington Post “Russian propaganda effort helped spread ‘fake news’ during election, experts say” by Craig Timberg (November 24th 2016)
51 The Daily Caller “Website Labeled ‘Fake News’ Threatens To Sue WaPo For Defamation” by Rachel Stoltzfoos (December 12th 2016)
52 The New Yorker “The Propaganda About Russian Propaganda” by Adrian Chen (December 1st 2016)
53 Ibid.
54 The Intercept “Washington Post Disgracefully Promotes a McCarthyite Blacklist From a New, Hidden, and Very Shady Group” by Glenn Greenwald and Ben Norton (November 26th 2016)
55 The Washington Post “Real research suggests we should stop freaking out over fake news” by Christopher Ingraham (January 24th 2017
56 Columbia Journalism Review “Is Fake News a Fake Problem?” by Jacob L. Nelson (January 31, 2017)
57 Ibid.
58 Ibid.
59 Daily Mail “Fake news did NOT sway the election: Study shows only a ‘small fraction’ of voters saw bogus pro-Trump stories” by Jennifer Smith (February 2nd 2017)
60 USA Today “Mark Zuckerberg: Facebook fake news didn’t sway election” by Jessica Guynn (November 10th 2016)
61 Ibid.
62 Real Clear Politics “Facebook Executive Sheryl Sandberg: ‘Fake News’ Didn’t Sway the Election” by Tim Haines (December 8th 2016)
63 Yahoo “Joe Scarborough Doesn’t Think Fake News Cost Hillary Clinton the Election” by Brian Flood (December 9th 2016)
64 Ibid.
65 Postman, Neil - Amusing Ourselves To Death page 16
66 Postman, Neil - Amusing Ourselves To Death page 87
67 Independent “Justin Bieber arrested: MSNBC interrupts congresswoman during NSA interview for important Bieber news” by Christopher Hooton (January 24th 2014)
68 ABC News “Hilton Headed Back to Jail for Full Sentence” by Monica Nista (June 8th 2007)
69 Forbes “High Ratings Aside, Where’s the History on History?” by Brad Lockwood (October 17th 2011)
70 NPR “How TV Brought Gay People Into Our Homes” (May 12, 2012)
71 Los Angeles Times “‘The Cosby Show’ Was Profound, Influential--and Indispensable” Los Angeles Times by Bobby Crawford (May 11th 1992)
72 Time Magazine “Orson Wells’ War of the Worlds” (October 30th 2008 by Gilbert Cruz
73 Today “Were you fooled by Animal Planet’s mermaid special?” by Gael Fashingbauer Cooper (May 30th 2012)
74 Daily Mail “How HOAX Mermaid ‘mockumentary’ gave Animal Planet its biggest audience EVER” by Rachel Quigley (May 30th 2013)
75 RedOrdbit “Animal Planet filmmaker: Wildlife documentaries are often fabricated sensationalism” by John Hopton (March 13th 2015)
76 Daily Mail “Notice anything different? Megyn Kelly reveals the ‘personal surprise’ she had been teasing is a new short hairdo… and Twitter erupts” (October 23rd 2015)
77 Daily Mail “Megyn Kelly mocked by debate viewers for her ‘comically large’ fake eyelashes” by Erica Dempesta (March 4th 2016)
78 Carl Bernstein in Forbes Book of Quotations: 10,000 Thoughts on the Business of Life edited by Ted Goodman (2007)
79 BrainyQuote.com “Malcolm Turnbull Quotes”
80 Postman, Neil◦— Amusing Ourselves to Death pages 155-156
81 Diggs-Brown, Barbara - Strategic Public Relations: Audience Focused Practice (Wadsworth 2011) page 48
82 New York Times “Group of Girls Puff at Cigarettes as a Gesture of Freedom” (April 1, 1929)
83 The Atlantic “How an Ad Campaign Invented the Diamond Engagement Ring” by Uri Friedman (February 13th 2015)
84 Bernays, Edward – Propaganda pages 37-38
85 Bernays, Edward – Propaganda pages 47-48
86 Bernays, Edward – Propaganda page 63
87 Bagdikian, Ben - The New Media Monopoly page 8
88 Bagdikian, Ben - The New Media Monopoly page 11
89 Bagdikian, Ben - The New Media Monopoly page 5
90 Bagdikian, Ben - The New Media Monopoly page 261
91 Orwell, George – Nineteen Eighty-Four page 187
92 Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction (Sage Publishing 1995) page xvi
93 Time “How the Nixon-Kennedy Debate Changed the World” by Kayla Webley (September 23rd 2010)