dropping on Houston: Javier Zarracina and Brian Resnick, “All the Rain That Hurricane Harvey Dumped on Texas and Louisiana, in One Massive Water Drop,” Vox, September 1, 2017.
record-breaking summer of 2018: Jason Samenow, “Red Hot Planet: This Summer’s Punishing and Historic Heat in Seven Charts and Maps,” The Washington Post, August 17, 2018.
In 1850, the area had 150 glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey, “Retreat of Glaciers in Glacier National Park,” April 6, 2016, www.usgs.gov/centers/norock/science/retreat-glaciers-glacier-national-park.
Already, storms have doubled since 1980: European Academies’ Science Advisory Council, “New Data Confirm Increased Frequency of Extreme Weather Events, European National Science Academies Urge Further Action on Climate Change Adaptation,” March 21, 2018, https://easac.eu/press-releases/details/new-data-confirm-increased-frequency-of-extreme-weather-events-european-national-science-academies.
New York City will suffer: Andra J. Garner et al., “Impact of Climate Change on New York City’s Coastal Flood Hazard: Increasing Flood Heights from the Preindustrial to 2300 CE,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (September 2017), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703568114.
more intense rainstorms: U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2014 National Climate Assessment (Washington, D.C., 2014), https://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/our-changing-climate/heavy-downpours-increasing.
In the Northeast: U.S. Global Change Research Program, “Observed Change in Very Heavy Precipitation,” September 19, 2013, https://data.globalchange.gov/report/nca3/chapter/our-changing-climate/figure/observed-change-in-very-heavy-precipitation-2.
The island of Kauai: National Weather Service, “April 2018 Precipitation Summary,” May 4, 2018, www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/hydro/pages/apr18sum.php.
the damages from quotidian thunderstorms: Alyson Kenward and Urooj Raja, “Blackout: Extreme Weather, Climate Change and Power Outages,” Climate Central (Princeton, NJ, 2014), p. 4, http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/PowerOutages.pdf.
When Hurricane Irma first emerged: Joe Romm, “The Case for a Category 6 Rating for Super-Hurricanes like Irma,” ThinkProgress, September 6, 2017, https://thinkprogress.org/category-six-hurricane-irma-62cfdfdd93cb.
flooding its agricultural lands: Frances Robles and Luis Ferré-Sadurní, “Puerto Rico’s Agriculture and Farmers Decimated by Maria,” The New York Times, September 24, 2017.
“We’re getting some intimations”: This was a comment Wark made on Twitter: https://twitter.com/mckenziewark/status/913382357230645248.
seventeen times more often: Ning Lin et al., “Hurricane Sandy’s Flood Frequency Increasing from Year 1800 to 2100,” Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences, October 2016.
Katrina-level hurricanes are expected: Aslak Grinsted et al., “Projected Atlantic Hurricane Surge Threat from Rising Temperatures,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (March 2013), https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1209980110.
Looking globally, researchers have found: Greg Holland and Cindy L. Bruyère, “Recent Intense Hurricane Response to Global Climate Change,” Climate Dynamics 42, no. 3–4 (February 2014): pp. 617–27, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1713-0.
Between just 2006 and 2013, the Philippines: Food and Agriculture Organization, “The Impact of Disasters on Agriculture and Food Security” (Rome, 2015), p. xix, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/a-i5128e.pdf.
typhoons have intensified: Wei Mei and Shang-Ping Xie, “Intensification of Landfalling Typhoons over the Northwest Pacific Since the Late 1970s,” Nature Geoscience 9 (September 2016): pp. 753–57, https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2792.
By 2070, Asian megacities: Linda Poon, “Climate Change Is Testing Asia’s Megacities,” CityLab, October 9, 2018, www.citylab.com/environment/2018/10/asian-megacities-vs-tomorrows-typhoons/572062.
the more intense the blizzards: Judah Cohen et al., “Warm Arctic Episodes Linked with Increased Frequency of Extreme Winter Weather in the United States,” Nature Communications 9, no. 869 (March 2018): https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-02992-9.
758 tornadoes: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, “State of the Climate: Tornadoes for April 2011,” May 2011, www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/tornadoes/201104.
40 percent by 2010: Noah S. Diffenbaugh et al., “Robust Increases in Severe Thunderstorm Environments in Response to Greenhouse Forcing,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 41 (October 2013): pp. 16361–66, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307758110.
$725 billion: Keith Porter et al., “Overview of the ARkStorm Scenario,” U.S. Geological Survey, January 2011, https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312.
a cloud of “unbearable” smells: Emily Atkin, “Minutes: ‘Unbearable’ Petrochemical Smells Are Reportedly Drifting into Houston,” The New Republic, August 2017.
nearly half a billion gallons: Frank Bajak and Lise Olsen, “Silent Spills,” Houston Chronicle, May 2018.
the city had already been knocked: Kevin Litten, “16 New Orleans Pumps, Not 14, Were Down Saturday and Remain Out: Officials,” The Times-Picayune, August 10, 2017.
the 2000 population of 480,000: Elizabeth Fussell, “Constructing New Orleans, Constructing Race: A Population History of New Orleans,” The Journal of American History 94, no. 3 (December 2007), pp. 846–55, www.jstor.org/stable/25095147.
as low as 230,000: Allison Plyer, “Facts for Features: Katrina Impact,” The Data Center, August 26, 2016, www.datacenterresearch.org/data-resources/katrina/facts-for-impact.
One of the fastest-growing cities: U.S. Census Bureau, “The South Is Home to 10 of the 15 Fastest-Growing Large Cities,” May 25, 2017, www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2017/cb17-81-population-estimates-subcounty.html.
included the fastest-growing suburb: Amy Newcomb, “Census Bureau Reveals Fastest-Growing Large Cities,” U.S. Census Bureau, 2018.
more than five times as many residents: U.S. Census Bureau figures.
brought there by the oil business: John Schwartz, “Exxon Misled the Public on Climate Change, Study Says,” The New York Times, August 23, 2017.
Lower Ninth Ward: Greg Allen, “Ghosts of Katrina Still Haunt New Orleans’ Shattered Lower Ninth Ward,” NPR, August 3, 2015, www.npr.org/2015/08/03/427844717/ghosts-of-katrina-still-haunt-new-orleans-shattered-lower-ninth-ward.
the entire coastline of Louisiana: Kevin Sack and John Schwartz, “Left to Louisiana’s Tides, a Village Fights for Time,” The New York Times, February 24, 2018, www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/02/24/us/jean-lafitte-floodwaters.html.
2,000 square miles already gone: Bob Marshall, Brian Jacobs, and Al Shaw, “Losing Ground,” ProPublica, August 28, 2014, http://projects.propublica.org/louisiana.
2018 road budget: Jeff Goodell, “Welcome to the Age of Climate Migration,” Rolling Stone, February 4, 2018.