traditional warfare and, 143, 147, 157, 271–72
rhabdomancy, 342, 350–51, plate 46
Richardson, Don, 291
Richardson, Lewis, 163–64
risk assessment and tolerance, 270–75, 278, 317–19
faulty assessments, 277, 317–18, 319
in the First World, 277, 306–7, 317–19, 459–60, plate 45
learning from traditional societies, 464
unfamiliar risks, 276–77
risk reduction, 283, 284, 306–7
field scattering as, 303–6
financial investments, 306–7, plate 45
See also constructive paranoia
Robbins, Sterling, 148–49
Rome, ancient, 381, 417
Roscoe, Paul, 122
Rotokas language, 395–96
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 148, 152
Roviana people, 158
Rumsfeld, Donald, 355
Russia, 156
language diversity, 376, 377, 380, 399, 401
wars and violence, 139–40, 146–47, 403
Russian language, 372
Saami people, 215
salt, 417
and hypertension, 417–21, 423–25
sources and intake, 415–17, 425–28, 465
trade in, 68 table, 71–72, 416–17
Samoans, 218
San people, 215
Sandeep, S., 441
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 405
Sawi people, 291
Scandinavian languages, 404
schools, 200–201, 205, 235, 399
Schwartz v. Helms Bakery, 117
science, religion and, 346, 348, 350, 368
sedentariness, 15, 16, 194, 310, 378
disease and, 294–96, 413, 433, 434, 437, 440
Semang people, 139, 156–57, 219
Sengseng people, 21
senilicide, 215–17, 286
Service, Elman, 14–17
sex, 93, 175, 202, 224, 300
sexual selection, 333–34
Shakers, 364
shamans, 297–98, 339, 348, 355–56
Sheldon, Steve, 176–77
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 145–46
Shermer, Michael, 328 table
Shoshone Indians. See Great Basin Shoshone Indians; Owens Valley Shoshone Indians
Shostak, Marjorie, 284–85, 414, 450
Siassi traders, 59–60, 61, 66, 67, 68 table, 75
Siberian peoples, 309 table
siblings, 187, 188, 201, plate 38
Simpson, Nicole, 112
Simpson, O. J., 112
Sioux Indians, 144
Siriono Indians, 14, 48, 60, 93, 156
children, 179, 195, 202, 203–4
elders, 214, 215
food, 300, 444 table
hygiene, 296–97
map, 27 fig.
sex, 175, 202
The Sky Travelers (Gammage), 58
slavery, 146, 159
Smith, Joseph, 365
snakes, 198, 200, 278, 279 table, 280, 283–84, 285
Soccer War, 138
social bonds, 8, 274, 357–58, 454–55, 457
adoptions and, 189
aggregation and dispersal cycles, 315–16
dispute resolution and, 29, 81, 83–84, 87–90, 101, 105, 115
of elders, 219, 233–34, 235
friendship, 52–53
trade and, 63, 64–65, 73–75
violence and, 11, 358, 359
warfare and, 143
in WEIRD societies, 51–52, 88, 91, 456–58
See also group affiliation; reconciliation
social skills, 189–90, 201, 206, 208–9
allo-parenting and, 189–90
multi-age playgroups and, 201
social status
of elders, 221–27
luxury objects and, 63–64, 69
social stratification. See inequality
Solomon Islands, 151, 158, 301
sorcery, 159, 249–50, 297–98
Sorensen, Arthur, 385
Sosis, Richard, 347, 363
South America, diabetes in, 433, 451
South American Indian languages, 397, 398
South American Indians, 27 fig., 56, 132, 309 table
See also specific groups
Spanish language, 164, 372, 373, 381, 401
spanking of children, 192–93, 194–95
Spiro, Melford, 327 table
starvation, 298–300, 308
See also food scarcity
state justice systems, 97–118, plate 16
advantages, 81, 114–18
attribution of fault or guilt, 96, 102–3, 109, 117
civil disputes, 99–104, 117, 118
criminal justice, 99, 108–14, 117, 118, 167
disadvantages, 104–8, 118, 167–68
goals of, 97–99, 103, 111, 117
international disputes, 101–2
mediation in, 100, 105–8, 116, 466
Papua New Guinea, 79–80, 86, 98
reconciliation and restorative justice, 88, 99, 105, 111–14, 118, 168, 466
state’s interests in, 87, 109–10, 118
state religions, 356–57
See also religion(s); specific religions
state warfare, 140–47, plate 37
alliances, 141–42
captives, 141, 159
forms of, 136, 137, 138, 145–46
military organization and technology, 140, 142–43, 144, 146–47
military training, 143, 144, 169
mortality rates, 127, 128, 139–41, plate 37
psychology of enmity and killing, 142–43, 168–70
resolution of, 147–49
trade and, 164–65
ultimate causes, 160–61
war-free states, 155–56
who is affected by, 140–41, 144, 146–47, 163–65
See also specific countries and wars
states, 7, 10–12, 17–18, 19, 353
acceptance of state authority, 98, 148
child-rearing practices, 206–7
religion in, 347–48, 356–57
violence suppression in, 97–99, 115, 148, 286, 288, 290
See also political organization; state justice systems; state warfare
Statistics of Deadly Quarrels (Richardson), 164
stories and storytelling, 285–86, 291–92
oral histories, 478–80
origin myths, 323–24, 345, 346
strangers and stranger contacts, 1–2, 49–50, 51–52, 290
group affiliation and, 50–51, 53–54
political organization and, 11, 16
religious codes and, 357–59, 367 fig., 368
terms for outsiders, 51
travel and, 37, 49–50, 54–55, 271–72
violence and, 4, 50, 271–72, 290
in WEIRD societies, 1–2, 53
See also group affiliation; territoriality
Strauss, Richard, 239–40, plate 40
sugar, 428–29, 434, 436
suicide, encouraged or assisted, 215–16, 232
supernatural beliefs, 325–26, 329, 330, 338, 341–44, 341 table, 361
as causal explanations, 345–46
intervention by supernatural agents, 329, 331, 345
religious success and, 365–66
See also magic; religion(s); superstitions
superstitions, 342–43, 344, 348, plate 46
Sutton, Peter, 384
swaddling of infants, 185
Sweden, 156, 193
sweet potatoes, 150–51, 298, 300, 301
Switzerland, 156
taboos, 177, 227–29, 298, 339, 348
Talheim pit burial, 134–35
talk and talkativeness, 248, 273–75, 291–92, 299–300, 454
See also stories and storytelling
Tallensi people, 196
Tasmania, language loss in, 398
Tay-Sachs disease, 422