NOTES
Abbreviations Used in Notes
References to V. G. Chertkov’s ‘Jubilee Edition’ of Tolstoy’s complete collected works are indicated by ‘JE’, followed by volume number and page reference (e.g. JE 68, 49). The six volumes of L. N. Tolstoi: materialy k biografii are distinguished by author and volume (e.g. ‘Gusev 1’, ‘Opul’skaya 2’). The two volumes of the Letopis’ zhizni i tvorchestva are indicated as ‘Letopis’ 1’ and ‘Letopis’ 2’.
Introduction
1. R. M. Meiendorf, ‘Stranichka vospominanii o L’ve Nikolaeviche Tolstom’, in Letopisi Gosudarstvennogo literaturnogo muzeya, vol. 12: L. N. Tolstoi: K 120-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya (1828–1848), ed. N. N. Gusev, Moscow, 1948, 369.
2. Henry Norman, All the Russias, London, 1902, 47; cited in Alexander Fodor, Tolstoy and the Russians: Reflections on a Relationship, Ann Arbor, 1984, 15.
3. Stefan Zweig, Adepts in Self-Portraiture: Casanova, Stendhal, Tolstoy, New York, 1928 (a translation of his Drei Dichter ihres Lebens: Casanova, Stendhal, Tolstoi, Leipzig, 1928), 218–219, cited in Fodor, Tolstoy and the Russians, 15.
4. N. Berdyaev, The Origin of Russian Communism, tr. R. M. French (first published 1937), Ann Arbor, 1960, 8.
5. E. D. Meleshko, Khristianskaya etika L. N. Tolstogo, Moscow, 2006, 272.
6. Sjeng Scheijen, Diaghilev: A Life, London, 2009, 47–48.
7. T. A. Sukhotina-Tolstaya, Dnevnik, ed. T. Volkova, Moscow, 1984, 526–527.
8. S. A. Tolstaya, Pis’ma K L. N. Tolstomu, Moscow, 1936, 496.
9. Sophia Kishkovsky, ‘Chechnya’s Favorite Russian’, International Herald Tribune, 29 December 2009, 10.
10. T. V. Komarova, ed., Druz’ya i gosti Yasnoi Polyane: materialy nauchnoi konferentsee posvyashchennoi 160-letiyu S. A. Tolstoi, Tula, 2006; N. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, Moscow, 2010.
11. Alexander Boot, God and Man According to Tolstoy, New York, 2009, 11–12.
12. Irina Paperno, ‘Tolstoy’s Diaries: The Inacessible Self ’, Self and Story in Russian History, ed. Laura Engelstein and Stephanie Sandler, Ithaca, 2000, 242–65.
13. See N. I. Burnasheva, ed., ‘Tolstoi – eto tselyi mir’: stat’i i issledovaniya, Moscow, 2004, which is dedicated to the memory of Lidiya Gromova-Opul’skaya.
14. V. Bulgakov, O Tolstom, Tula, 1964, 237–8.
1 Ancestors: The Tolstoys and the Volkonskys
1. L. N. Tolstoi, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii, ed. V. G. Chertkov, 90 vols, Moscow, 1928–1958, vol. 84, 281.
2. Il’ya L. Tolstoi, Moi vospominaniya, Moscow, 1969, 57–58.
3. James Mavor, My Windows on the Street of the World, 2 vols, London, 1923, vol. 1, 68.
4. Isabel Hapgood, Russian Rambles, London, 1895, 149.
5. Nina Nikitina, Povsednevnaya zhizn’ L’va Tolstogo v Yasnoi polyane, Moscow, 2007, 9–10.
6. Count Leon L. Tolstoi, The Truth about my Father, London, 1924, 1. See also L. L. Tolstoi, V Yasnoi polyane. Pravda ob otse i ego zhizni, Prague, 1923.
7. L. N. Tolstoi, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii v sta tomakh, ed. L. D. Gromova-Opul’skaya et al.; Khudozhestvennye proizvedeniya v vosemnadtsati tomakh, vol. 3, Moscow, 2000, 400.
8. P. V. Dolgorukov, Russkaya rodoslovnaya kniga, 4 vols, St Petersburg, 1855–1857.
9. See N. N. Gusev, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoi. Materialy k biografii s 1828 po 1855 god [Gusev 1], Moscow, 1954, 616.
10. See L. M. Kulaeva, ‘Gost’ yasnoi polyany R. Levenfel’d’, in Druz’ya i gosti Yasnoi Polyany: materialy nauchnoi konferentsii posvyashchennoi 160-letiyu S. A. Tolstoi, ed. T. V. Komarova, Tula, 2006, 166.
11. Evgenii Solov’ev, L. N. Tolstoi: ego zhizn’ i literaturnaya deyatel’nost’, St Petersburg, 1894, 9.
12. M. N. Nazimova, ‘Iz semeinoi khroniki Tolstykh’, Istoricheskii vestnik, 10 (1902), 104.
13. Gusev 1, 615.
14. S. M. Tolstoi, Tolstoi i Tolstye. Ocherki iz istorii roda, Moscow, 1990, 15.
15. Gusev 1, 614.
16. For further details on Pyotr Tolstoy’s biography see N. I. Pavlenko, Ptentsy gnezda Petrova, Moscow, 1984, and Max J. Okenfuss, ed. and tr., The Travel Diary of Peter Tolstoi: a Muscovite in Early Modern Europe, DeKalb, Ill., 1987.
17. Gusev 1, 12.
18. Roy Robson, ‘Transforming Solovki: Pilgrim Narratives, Modernization and Late Imperial Monastic Life’, Sacred Stories: Religion and Spirituality in Modern Russia, ed. Mark Steinberg and Heather Coleman, Bloomington, 2008, 49.
19. A. Izmailov, ‘U L’va Tolstogo’, Birzhevye vedomosti, 3–5 July, 1907; cited in V. Lakshin, ed., Interv’yu i besedy s L’vom Tolstym, Moscow, 1986.
20. S. A. Papkov, ‘Zalozhniki sovesti (Tolstovtsy na Solovkakh)’, Vozvrashchenie pamyati. Istoriko-arkhivnyi al’manakh, vol. 3, ed. I. V. Pavlova, Novosibirsk, 1997, 176–180.
21. Tolstoi, Tolstoi i Tolstye, 25.
22. JE 34, 394.
23. Tolstoi, Tolstoi i Tolstye, 31.
24. T. V. Komarova, ‘Gerb roda grafov Tolstykh’, Yasnopolyanskii sbornik, Tula, 1992, 188–190.
25. JE 34, 359.
26. Gusev 1, 21.
27. JE 34, 359.
28. Gusev 1, 39.
29. Gusev 1, 27–28.
30. Gusev 1, 29.
31. Nikitina, Povsednevnaya zhizn’ L’va Tolstogo, 30.
32. JE 34, 352.
33. N. A. Nikitina and V. P. Nikitin, ‘Yasnaya Polyana vremen detstva i yunosti Tolstogo’, Yasnopolyanskii sbornik, Tula, 1982, 135–150.
34. See Richard Stites, Serfdom, Society and the Arts in Imperial Russia: The Pleasure and the Power, New Haven, 2005.