169. T. N. Volkova, Tolstoi i ego blizkie, Moscow, 1986, 262.
170. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 165.
171. See Joy Thacker, Whiteway Colony: The Social History of a Tolstoyan Community, Stroud, 1993.
172. W. Gareth Jones, ed., Tolstoi and Britain, 14.
173. Orekhanov, V. G. Chertkov v zhizni L. N. Tolstogo, 64.
174. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 95–96.
175. Letopis’ 2, 635.
176. N. V. Ovsyannikov, ‘Epizod iz zhizni L. N. Tolstogo’, Russkoe obozrenie, 11 (1896).
177. Walter Kerr, The Shabunin Affair: An Episode in the Life of Leo Tolstoy, Ithaca, 1982, 182.
178. Father Ioann was canonised in 1990.
179. Letopis’ 2, 644; Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol 2, 109.
180. I. V. Petrovitskaya, ‘’Tolstovskii s’ezd russkikh zhurnalistov. 1908 god’, Iz istorii russkoi literatury i zhurnalistiki: Ezhgodnik, ed. I. V. Petrovitskaya and I. E. Prokhorov, Moscow, 2009, 243–245.
181. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 2, 110.
182. Letopis’ 2, 700.
183. Opul’skaya 2, 261.
184. Letopis’ 2, 701.
185. Letopis’ 2, 705.
186. V. Bulgakov, O Tolstom, Tula, 1964, 283.
187. The above account of Tolstoy’s departure from Yasnaya Polyana, death and burial draws on V. I. Nevskii, ed., Smert’ Tolstogo: po novym materialam, Moscow, 1929, B. Meilakh, Ukhod i smert’ L’va Tolstogo, Moscow, 1960, Uil’yam Nikell, ‘Smert’ Tolstogo’, Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie, 44 (2000), 43–61, Pål Kolstø, ‘Mass for a Heretic? The Controversy over Lev Tolstoi’s Burial’, Slavic Review, 60, 1 (2001), 75–95, and William Nickell, ‘Transfigurations of Tolstoy’s Final Journey: The Church and the Media in 1910’, Tolstoy Studies Journal, 17 (2006), 32–51.
Epilogue: Patriarch of the Bolsheviks
1. Mark Popovsky, Russkie muzhiki rasskazyvayut: posledovateli L. N. Tolstogo v Sovetskom Soyuze, London, 1983.
2. S. A. Tolstaya, Dnevniki v dvukh tomakh, ed. V. E. Vatsuro et al., 2 vols, Moscow, 1978, vol. 2, 330.
3. Aleksei Zverev and Vladimir Tunimanov, Lev Tolstoi, Moscow, 2007, 758.
4. N. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, Moscow, 2010, 239.
5. Herman Bernstein, ‘The Scandal Surrounding the Tolstoy Legacy’, New York Times, 26 February 1911.
6. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, 245.
7. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, 240.
8. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 2, 355.
9. Zverev and Tunimanov, Tolstoi, 756.
10. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, 241.
11. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, 241.
12. V. F. Bulgakov, O Tolstom, Tula 1964, 233.
13. Bulgakov, O Tolstom, 234–240.
14. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 2, 383. See also Pål Kolstø, ‘A Mass for a Heretic? The Controversy over Lev Tolstoi’s Burial’, Slavic Review, 60, 1 (2001), 75–95.
15. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, 245.
16. Nikitina, Sof ’ya Tolstaya, 243.
17. Bulgakov, O Tolstom, 314.
18. Alexander Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia: The Partnership of Leo Tolstoy and Vladimir Chertkov, Lanham, Md, 1989, 175.
19. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 157.
20. Lev Osterman, Srazhenie za Tolstogo, Moscow, 2002.
21. V. Tchertkoff [Chertkov], Save Russia, London, 1920.
22. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 162.
23. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 2, 593.
24. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 163.
25. Memoirs of Peasant Tolstoyans in Soviet Russia, tr., ed. and intro. William Edgerton, Bloomington, 1993, 11.
26. Tchertkoff, Save Russia, 2.
27. A. Khechinov, Krutye dorogi Aleksandry Tolstoi, Moscow, 1995, 206.
28. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 2, 591.
29. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 167.
30. Popovsky, Russkie muzhiki rasskazyvayut, 56.
31. N. Berdyaev, ‘Dukhi russkoi revolyutsii’, Iz glubiny, Paris, 1918; D. Merezhkovskii, ‘L. Tolstoi i bol’shevizm’, Tsarstvo antikhrista, Paris, 1923.
32. Y. Lur’e, Posle L’va Tolstogo, St Petersburg, 1993, 70.
33. ‘Literary Progenitors of Bolshevist Russia’, Current Opinion, 66, 1 (January 1919), 49.
34. Robert Croskey, The Legacy of Tolstoy: Alexandra Tolstoy and the Soviet Regime in the 1920s, Seattle, 2008, 11.
35. Tolstaya, Dnevniki, vol. 2, 594.
36. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 175.
37. L. A. Osterman, Srazhenie za Tolstogo, Moscow, 2002, 8.
38. V. Shentalinsky, Donos na Sokrata, Novy mir, 11 (1996); reprinted in Donos na Sokrata,, Moscow, 2001, 34–5.
39. www.tolstoymuseum.ru/history/
40. A. Tolstaya, Probleski v t’me, Washington DC, 1965, 30–31.
41. S. L. Tolstoi, Ocherki bylogo, 3rd rev. edn, Tula, 1965, 270.
42. Shentalinsky, Donos na sokrata, 38.
43. Croskey, The Legacy of Tolstoy, 26.
44. Lur’e, Posle L’va Tolstogo, 36, 479–480, 487–488, 667.
45. Tolstaya, Probleski v t’me; Lur’e, Posle L’va Tolstogo, 90.
46. Shentalinsky, Donos na sokrata, 51.
47. Yury Khechinov, Krutye dorogi Aleksandry Tolstoi, Moscow, 1995, 252.
48. Croskey, The Legacy of Tolstoy, 13.
49. Khechinov, Krutye dorogi Aleksandry Tolstoi, 253.
50. Tolstaya, Probleski v t’me, 121.
51. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 168.
52. Tchertkoff, Save Russia, 5.
53. Popovsky, Russkie muzhiki rasskazyvayut, 64.
54. Popovsky, Russkie muzhiki rasskazyvayut, 60–61.
55. Lur’e, Posle L’va Tolstogo, 72.
56. Osterman, Srazhenie za Tolstogo, 10.
57. Lur’e, Posle L’va Tolstogo, 95.
58. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 171.
59. Osterman, Srazhenie za Tolstogo, 10.
60. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 181.
61. Osterman, Srazhenie za Tolstogo, 12.
62. Fodor, A Quest for a Non-Violent Russia, 178.
63. L. Tolstoi, Pravda o moem otse, Prague, 1923.
64. Tolstaya, Probleski v t’me, 131.
65. Tolstaya, Probleski v t’me, 135–136; Croskey, The Legacy of Tolstoy, 37.
66. Shentalinsky, Donos na Sokrata, 54–5.