née Tolstaya
T’s aunt) 32, 41–2, 47, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 116, 254
Osten-Sacken, Karl von 41
Osterman, Lev 442
Srazhenie za Tolstogo (The Battle for Tolstoy) 443
Ostrovsky, Alexander Nikolayevich 125, 126, 136
background 126
under police surveillance 126, 127
on expedition down the Volga 126–7
Bankruptcy 126
Don’t Get Into Someone Else’s Sleigh 126
Ottoman Empire 99, 108, 247, 248, 270, 355
Our Lady of Kazan, icon of 69–70
Ovid: Metamorphoses (trans. Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy) 15
P
pacifism
T’s teachings compared with those of Sheikh Kunta Khadji 7
T’s philosophy revered by Gandhi, Wittgenstein and Martin Luther King 8
T dates horror of violence to being locked up by tutor 59
first strong expression of T’s views on the futility of war 115–16
T’s experience in Crimean War turns him into a pacifist 247
Levin’s declared unwillingness to kill 249
T’s ideas start to make an impact 317–18
T promotes a life on non-violence in harmony with the land 321
T’s treatise on non-violence 333, 340–44
Khilkov becomes a pronounced pacifist 352
Drozhzhin’s death 353–4
Dukhobors 356, 364
Škarvan’s imprisonment 363
Wagner’s and T’s pacifism 374
Lenin condemns T’s philosophy 409
Pale of Settlement 418
Palmerston, Lord 142
Pan-Slavists 246, 247, 248
Panayeva, Advotya 126
Panayev, Ivan (Nekrasov’s co-editor) 116, 126, 132
Panina, Countess 394, 395
Paperno, Irina 9
Paris
and the Decembrists 165, 275
T in 132–3, 142
emigré community 430
Paris Commune (1871) 265
Pashkov, Colonel Vasily 272, 307, 315, 410
Pashkov House, Moscow (later Rumyantsev Museum) 167, 425–6
‘Pashkovites’ 272, 291
Paskevich, Princess Irina (née VorontsovaDashkova) 178
Paskevich, Field Marshal Ivan 100, 109
Pasternak, Leonid 377
Paul I, Tsar of Russia 23–4
Pavlovsk 129
peasantry
T’s attitude towards 3, 21, 61, 78, 262
T’s peasant dress 4, 5, 11, 12, 147, 207, 302
conscription 61
women peasants rescue T from drowning 78
T first focuses on peasants in his writing 130
lack of education 140
treated almost as a sub-human species 140, 145
‘reciters’ 193, 293
lack of statistical knowledge about 213
innate conservatism 219
loyalty to the Romanovs 219
Alexeyev shares T’s wish to improve their lives 262
colonising new lands 266
dire poverty 336
legendary piety 384
some of T’s land handed over to peasants 420–21
see also serfs
Penza province 185, 188, 194
People’s Commissar for Justice 431
perestroika 451
Perno, Ludwig 407, 408
Perov, Vasily 229
Persia, Persians 99, 210–211
Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich 190
Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia 226, 276
founding of St Petersburg 2, 15–16
and the first Count Tolstoy 15, 16, 277
T’s abandoned project 17, 177, 180–81, 214–18, 222, 274, 286
Europeanisation programme 15, 21, 24, 218
reforms 24, 254, 277
lifelong service of nobility 85
Table of Ranks 90, 383
son held in Peter and Paul Fortress 92–3
character 214, 217, 286
and Sergey Solovyov’s history of Russia 215, 216
Azov campaigns 217
and Eugene Schuyler 217–18
replaces Patriarchate with the Holy Synod 269–70, 382–3
and the clergy 383, 384
Petrashevsky Circle 92, 267
Petrograd see St
Petersburg Petropavlovsk (Russian flagship) 399
Petrov, Grigory 392
The Gospel as the Foundation of Life 387
Petrozavodsk 215
Petrusha (Nikolay Ilyich’s servant) 37, 39–40, 45, 58
Phillips, Annie 265
Pimen, Father (monk at Optina Pustyn Monastery) 255–6
Pirogov, Nikolay 151
Pirogova, Anna 219–20
Pirogovo estate, Tula province 38, 39, 57–8, 61, 82, 84–5, 136, 186, 244, 368, 400
Plato 190, 314
Plekhanov, Georgy 435
Pleshcheyev, Alexey 329
Plutarch 196
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin 288, 288, 289, 303, 324, 329, 331, 353, 365, 376, 386–7, 390, 393, 396
Pogorelsky, Anton: ‘The Black Hen or The Underground Residents’ 64–5
Pokrovskoye estate, Tula province 84, 93, 107, 120, 323
Polish uprisings
1831 91
1863 163
Politburo 434
Polivanov, Lev 291
Polivanov, Sasha 134
Poltava 108
Polytechnical Museum, Moscow 430
Pomerantsev, Yury (‘Yusha’) 360, 361
Popov, Evgeny 354, 356, 359, 367, 408
Popova, Dunyasha (T family housekeeper) 337
Popovsky, Mark 416, 445, 446, 447, 449, 451
Populists 3, 163, 219, 235, 392
Porokhovshchikov, Alexander 247–8
Port Arthur, China 399, 400
Pospelov, Pyotr 442, 443
Potemkin (battleship) 401
Potemkin, Prince Grigory 22
Praskovya Isayevna (housekeeper at Yasnaya Polyana)
Pravda (newspaper) 436, 439, 447
Preobrazhensky Guards 49, 50, 62
Presbyterian Church 273
Prescott, William: History of the Conquest of Mexico 87
Prokhor (carpenter at Yasnaya Polyana) 262
Proletarian, The (periodical) 409
property
T wants to dispense with private property 4
‘Tolstoyans’ give up money and property 5
Sonya and 8
Tolstoyans refuse to give up beliefs 18
division of Tolstoy family property (1847) 81–2
Prugavin preaches on the abolition of private property 291
George’s idea of land as common property 318
T renounces all his property 30, 331
Protestant Reformation 53
Protestantism, Protestants 114, 270, 271, 288, 307, 384–5, 386
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 133, 143
The General Idea of Revolution in the Nineteenth Century 143
War and Peace 170
Provisional Government 429
Prugavin, Alexander 290–91, 292, 300, 303
Przhevalsk, Soviet Kirghizia 445
Pugachev, Emelyan 6
Pugachev Rebellion (1774) 215
Purleigh, Essex 375, 378, 379, 406
Pushkin, Alexander 87, 103, 105, 106, 186, 222, 223
celebrations in Moscow (1880) 282–3, 304, 409
Eugene Onegin 76, 86
Journey to Erzerum 102
‘Napoleon’ 64
‘The Queen of Spades’ 88
Tales of Belkin 222
‘To the Sea’ 37
Pustynniki (‘hermits’) 271
Pyatigorsk (‘Five Mountains’) 104–5, 107, 119, 208
Q
Quakers 341, 378, 379
R
Rachmaninov, Sergey 361, 371
Racine, Jean 133
Radishchev, Alexander 127
A Journey from St Petersburg to Moscow 127–8
Radstock, Granville Waldegrave, 3rd Baron 271, 272, 307, 384
Raglan, Lord 110
Ralston, William: ‘Count Leo Tolstoy’s Novels’ 281
Rameau, Jean-Philippe 371
Raphaeclass="underline" Sistine Madonna 404
raskolniki (‘schismatics’) 270
Rayevsky, Ivan 336
Razin, Stenka 6
raznochintsy 6–7, 131–2, 147
Red Army 424, 429, 431, 432
Red Cross 421
Red Librarian (Bolshevik journal) 438
Reeve, Henry 142
Religious-Philosophical Society, St. Petersburg 387, 394, 398
Rembrandt van Rijn: The Return of the Prodigal Son 137
Remizov, Vitaly Borisovich 425
Renan, Ernest: Life of Jesus 257, 269, 374