Repin, Ilya 248, 297, 298, 319, 325, 350, 391–2
Religious Procession in Kursk Province 298, 299, 393
Sectarian 298
Reuss, Professor Edouard 285
Revue des deux mondes 186
Rey, Jules 238, 239, 240, 265
Richardson, Samuel 29
Ries, Theodor 186, 197, 253
Rodionov, Filipp 205
Rodionov, Nikolay 442, 443, 445
Rodionova, Evlampia Matveyevna 205
Rodionov Institute for girls, Kazan 70
Rössel, Friedrich (‘Fyodor Ivanovich’, Tolstoy children’s tutor) 38, 43–4, 47, 59, 61, 64
Rolland, Romain 395
Roman Catholic Church 114
Romanov, Grand Duke Konstantin Alexandrovich 126–7
Romanov, Grand Duke Sergey Alexandrovich 339, 401
Romanov, Grand Duke Nikolay Mikhailovich 395, 396
Romanova, Grand Duchess Evgenia Nikolayevna 122
Romanova Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna 122, 133
Romanova, Tsarevna Sofia Alexeyevna 15
Romanovs 29, 126, 208, 349, 391, 395, 422–3, 424
Rome 142
Roosevelt, Theodore 318, 329
Rossini, Gioacchino Barbiere di Siviglia, Il 133
Mosè in Egitto 187
Rostopchin, Count Fyodor Vasilievich 179
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 68, 76–7, 105, 133, 134, 347
Confessions 76, 87, 107, 285
Dictionary of Music 68
Discours sur les sciences et les arts 76
Discours sur l’origine de l’inégalité 76
Du contrat social 76
Émile, ou de l’éducation 76, 87, 134
Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse 76, 87, 133
Rozhdestvensky, Admiral 401
Rozhdestvensky, Vladimir 265
Rubens, Peter Pauclass="underline" The Descent from the Cross 137
Rubinstein, Nikolay 360
Ruisdael, Jacob van 137
Rumyantsev Museum, Moscow 167, 425
Rumyantsev, Nikolay Mikhailovich (T family cook) 156, 157
Rumyantsev Public Library 292, 297, 402
Russia
Christianisation of 191
wealth and poverty 2
‘caste’ system 2, 383
literacy 3, 4, 9, 17
war with Napoleon (1812) 20, 57, 62–3, 69, 70, 94, 100, 167, 266
Decembrist Uprising (1825) 13, 75, 86
inheritance of the family title 21
gambling 88–9
gypsy choirs 94–5
expansionist ambitions 108, 385
Westernisation 124
liberalisation of society under Alexander II 129
The Bell campaigns for reform 142
Great Reforms 167, 175, 191, 218, 243, 384
christmas in 206
first national census (1897) 213
railway expansion 220, 277, 354
divorce in 241–2, 243
volatile political situation in 398
drawn into World War I 422
collapse of the Romanov dynasty 422–3
Peace concluded with Germany (March 1918) 424
purges 442, 450
perestroika and glasnost 451
see also Russian Revolution (1905)
Russian Revolution (1917)
Russian Antiquity (journal) 268, 320
Russian Archive (journal) 168, 173, 266
Russian Association of Proletarian Writers 440
Russian Carpet Company 375
Russian Cause, The (journal) 320
Russian Civil War (1917–23) 429–32
Russian Empire 99, 209, 270, 355, 385
Russian fairy tales 65, 180, 193, 194
Russian folksong 193
Russian Freemasons 167
Russian Gazette (newspaper) 336, 337, 338, 340, 386, 407
Russian government intelligentsia critical of 3
powerless to stop T’s speaking out 6
T as its greatest threat 17
T in direct conflict with 34, 123, 348–9
bloated and inefficient bureaucracy 335
T seeks to bring it down 345
and the Dukhobors 356
bans import of Esperantisto 361
feels threatened on several fronts 381–2
and T’s excommunication 390
and threat of terrorist activities 398
anti-Jewish pogroms 398
and T’s death 415
Russian Messenger (literary journal) 132, 139, 159, 164, 168, 169, 234, 236, 237, 240, 246, 248, 249, 253, 299
Russian Museum, St Petersburg 228
Russian Orthodox Church
T’s critical investigation of Russian Orthodox theology 4
T’s writings on 5
standing during services 72
T sees the catechism as a ‘lie’ 75
icons 113–14
and the state 114, 269, 356, 383, 454
and divorce 242
and illegitimacy 242
Moscow Patriarchate 269
Holy Synod 243, 269, 300, 323, 382, 383, 385–91, 393, 396, 453
T’s faith linked to popular religious belief 263
makes little effort to meet peasants’ needs 263
undermining of the Church’s moral authority 269–70
millions turn away from Orthodoxy 270, 272
Schism 270, 271, 385
opposes modern Russian translations of the Bible 271, 385
T’s attitude to 34, 53, 278, 283, 284, 285, 290, 300, 301, 382, 412
excommunication of T 6, 349, 382, 387–94, 412–13, 419, 453–4
and the Dukhobors 356
attacked in Resurrection 381
clergy 383–4, 387
embattled state at end of nineteenth century 384
asks believers to refrain from celebrating T’s eightieth birthday 408–9
tries to take T to court for blasphemy 409
Russian Revolution (1905) 401, 409, 451
Russian Revolution (1917) 17, 77, 270, 379, 424, 428, 435
February Revolution 423, 424
October Revolution 424, 427, 429, 444
Russian Thought (literary journal) 297, 299–300, 301, 305, 317
Russian Veteran (newspaper) 111
Russian Volunteer Movement 248, 249
Russian Wealth (journal) 320
Russian Word (newspaper) 409
Russo-Japanese War (1904–5) 398–9, 400–401
Russo-Turkish War (1710–11) 15
Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) 22
Russo-Turkish War (1787–92) 22
Russo-Turkish War (1828–9) 266
Russo-Turkish War (1877–8) 257, 278, 352
Ryazan province
T’s famine work in 5, 336–40
T dies in 412
Rybnikov, Pavel 193
S
St Andrew’s Cathedral, Kronstadt 392
St Basil’s Cathedral, Red Square, Moscow 69
St Isaac’s Cathedral, St Petersburg 89, 268
St Isaac’s Square, St Petersburg 267, 269
St James’s Hall, Piccadilly, London 142
St John, Arthur 363, 378
St Peter and Paul Cathedral, St Petersburg 29
St Peter and Paul Fortress, St Petersburg 16, 92–3, 266–7
St Petersburg (Petrograd)
founding of 2, 16, 215
Maria Nikolayevna Volkonskaya visits 29
T visits 89–92, 120–29, 136–7, 144, 266–8, 280, 366
‘White Nights’ 92
T leaves behind a number of creditors 92
Russian military headquarters 110
T sent there as a courier 117
T in a naval munitions unit 123
European-looking 125
Sonya’s trip (1891) 330–31
St Petersburg Conservatoire 167
St Petersburg Gazette (newspaper) 376
St Petersburg Italian Opera 137
St Petersburg University 70, 89, 259
Saint-Thomas, Prospère 59–60, 64
Sakhalin penal colony 330
Samara 206–213, 227, 229, 266, 306, 335
T lives like a Bashkirian nomad in 147–8, 188
koumiss cure 148, 152, 208, 209, 228, 269
Yasnaya Polyana raided while T in 148
Tolstoy family visits their estate 4, 207, 210–211, 226, 238, 274
T relishes the lack of amenities 208
the Bashkirs 208–210
harvests 210, 212, 234
famine 212, 213, 228, 294, 336, 337
T’s letter in the Moscow Gazette 212–13
aid donations 213, 294
T and Sergey Lvovich visit (1874) 234
Bashkir horse race 238
T enlarges his estate 266, 267, 280