and Alexeyev 258–9, 261, 262
daily routine 263–4
visit to Caves Monastery, Kiev 277
loss of faith 280, 288–9, 303
and Pushkin celebrations 282, 283, 304
plea for clemency for Alexander II’s assassins 288, 289
crusade to propagate his Christian ideals 293, 294–5
surveillance 302–4, 366, 386, 395
his creed 309–10
‘holy fool’ 2, 311, 332, 333
and The Intermediary 315–16
worldview 318, 322, 323, 450
death of son Alexey 322
twenty-fifth wedding anniversary 326
anathematised in Kharkov 330, 353
renounces copyright and all his property 30, 331, 432
renounces his title 12
famine relief (1892) 5, 9, 335–40
moral leader to the nation 1, 5, 335
longs for martyrdom 339
seeks to bring down the Russian government 345
Stead on T’s fame 346–7
first biography of him 347
excommunicated from the Orthodox Church (1901) 6, 349, 382, 387–94, 412–13, 419, 453–4
death of son Vanechka 358
cycling 358–60
makes notes on his funeral 358
ice-skating 359, 360
jealous of Taneyev 361
choice of music 371
meets Tchaikovsky 371–2
compared with Wagner 373–4
chaotic publishing habits 374–5
compared with his opponent Father Ioann 392–3
known as the ‘Elder of Yasnaya Polyana’ 6, 10, 394
personal physician 402
gathering of Tolstoy utterances 402
Circle of Reading 404
death of daughter Masha 404
eightieth birthday 408–10
wills 411, 412, 418
leaves Sonya 412
death at Astapovo station (7
November 1910) 412–13, 454
buried at Yasnaya Polyana 53, 413–15, 416
his death acts as a catalyst for political action 414–15
centenary of his birth 435–40
advances in Tolstoy scholarship 439–40
fiftieth anniversary of T’s death (1960) 444, 450
150th anniversary of T’s birth (1978) 444–5, 447
‘cult’ of Tolstoy 446
legacy 451–2
character
absent-mindedness 78
ambition 1, 77
anti-authority 60
attitude to women 8, 84, 122–3, 125, 126, 130, 131, 163–4, 185–6
charisma 404
combative nature 3, 125–6
contrariness 121, 125
cult of his ancestors 12–13, 31
eccentricity 3, 77, 125
egotism 8, 125, 283
energy 77, 203
enthusiasms 161–2
erudition 49
fearless in the face of controversy 77, 336
headstrong nature 59, 125
highly emotional 77
hyper-sensitivity 2, 37, 77, 122, 173, 200
independent spirit 49
lack of self-confidence 78
lack of a sense of humour 76
larger than life 9
low boredom threshold 133, 134
mercurial nature 3, 191
narcissism 333
obstinacy 59
piety 4
provocative opinions 121
self-consciousness 74, 88
self-criticism 332–3
self-interest 333
sensuality 333
sentimentality 370
shyness 74, 78, 88
sincerity 76
snobbery 21
social conscience 3–4, 107, 118–19, 127, 140
stamina 66, 177
strength 66, 112, 138
superstitious 34–5, 251
vanity 76, 88, 333, 357
zest for life 9
works
ABC (Azbuka) 4, 188–200, 199, 209, 210, 214, 217, 218, 228, 232, 235–6, 276, 315–16, 340
‘About the Census in Moscow’ 294, 295–7
‘About the Famine’ 336, 338
‘About Ways to Help the Population Suffering from the Failed Harvest’ 338
Aesop’s fables (trans.) 4, 190, 195–6, 354–5
‘Albert’ 137, 139
Anna Karenina 31, 35, 49, 138, 159, 177, 181, 202, 218, 324, 342, 369, 446
and Anna Pirogova’s death 219–20
bee imagery 162
completed 232, 246
Dmitry portrayed in 124
Dumas fils’s L’Homme-femme 219, 220
epilogue 248–9
influence of English fiction 245
and the Komarov case 230
Levin as T’s alter ego 227
Levin questions the meaning of life 252
Levin scoffs at nouveau riche aristocrats and merchants 21
Levin’s courtship of Kitty 153
Levin’s goodwill rebuffed by mistrustful peasants 136
and Madame Bovary 310
marriage as an institution 219
marriage styles 244–5
publication 231, 234, 236, 237, 238, 240, 246, 253, 299, 377
Radstock’s followers caricatured 272
Ralston on 281
reflects T’s search for meaning 4
shooting parties 176
T begins to write 222–6, 225, 229
T draws on Dmitry for Levin’s brother Nikolay 71
T loses interest in writing 233, 234, 235, 238, 240
topicality 246
translations 317
T’s engagement with the French novel of adultery 220, 245
T’s problems finishing the novel 182–3, 226–7, 246
T’s view of adultery 221–2, 241
upper-class Protestant evangelists satirised 271
Varenka based on Pashenka 41
Vronsky’s horse Frou-Frou 37–8
the ‘woman question’ 186
‘Appeal to the Russian People’ 401
‘Bethink Yourselves!’ (article) 399
Boyhood 106, 107, 108, 109, 111–12, 130
‘Captive of the Caucasus’ 197, 316
Childhood 28, 44, 98, 102, 103, 104, 105–6, 106, 130, 332
Childhood, Boyhood, Youth trilogy 56, 65
Childhood and Youth 281
Christ’s Christianity 317
‘Church and State’ 382
Collected Works 6, 74, 231–2, 253, 283–4, 316, 328, 330, 331, 357, 418, 420
Complete Collected Works 9, 226, 422, 423, 432
Academy of Sciences edition 452–3
‘Jubilee’ edition 198, 437–43, 452
Confession 4, 63, 72, 74–5, 285, 299–301, 305, 317, 321, 347, 350
The Cossacks 101, 107, 134, 159–60, 177, 281
The Death of Ivan Ilych 304, 316, 322, 323, 369–70, 373
‘The Devil’ 96, 138, 264–5, 410
‘The Essence of Christian Teaching’ 346
Family Happiness 139
‘Father Iliodor’ 34
‘Father Sergius’ 192–3, 332, 333
‘A Few Words About the Novel War and Peace’ 173–4
The First Distiller 324
‘The First Step 334–5
‘The Girl and the Mushrooms’ 196
‘God Sees the Truth But Waits’ 197
Gospel in Brief 289, 290, 305, 317, 350, 351
Hadj Murat 100, 364–5
‘How Wolves Teach Their Cubs’ 196 ‘I Cannot Be Silent’ 346, 407
The Iliad (trans.) 190
An Investigation of Dogmatic Theology 284–5, 298, 300, 301, 372–3
The Kingdom of God Is Within You 333, 340–44, 345, 351, 363
The Kreutzer Sonata 322, 323, 324–5, 334
advocacy of chastity 329, 377
afterword 330, 333
and Alice Stockham’s Tokology 327
association of carnal love with extreme violence 324
banned 330
chekhov on 329–30
female sensuality censured 370
inspiration for 324–5
publication 330–31
A Landowner’s Morning 130, 131
‘The Law of Violence and the Law of Love’ 346
‘Lucerne’ 135, 137, 139
‘Master and Man’ 357
‘The Meaning of the Russian Revolution’ 401–2
‘The Muzhik and the Cucumbers’ 196
‘My Life’ [unfinished memoirs] 35
New ABC 201, 228, 232, 234, 235, 238
‘The New Laws and Their Application’ [unfinished article] 227
‘Notes of a Billiard Marker’ 107, 111
‘Notes of a Madman’ 185