patron saint 51
move to Moscow (1837) 56–7, 69
family split up 60–61
young Tolstoys go to live with Aunt Polina in Kazan 66–7, 69
division of property (1847) 81–2
at Christmas 206
Tolstoy family crest 18
Tolstoy Museum, Moscow 73, 420, 426, 427, 434, 436, 444, 449–50, 452
awarded the Order of the Red Banner 445
Tolstoy Museum, Starogladkovskaya, Chechnya 7
Tolstoy Society 420, 423
Tolstoyan movement
nature of ‘Tolstoyans’ 5, 352
Ge as one of the first ‘Tolstoyans’ 308
chertkov its eminence grise 6
Tolstoyans sent to Solovki 17–18
Sonya blocks Masha’s marriage to Tolstoyan Biryukov 326
sonya’s attitude to Tolstoyans 350
rumours of a congress 351–2
its first ‘martyr’ 353–4
colonies established in England 362–3, 375, 406
classified as a sect 386
in World War I 422
number of active Tolstoyans 423
amnesty from conscription (1917) 429
and Alexandra’s release on bail 428
difficulties with the Soviet government 429
first grouped with sectarians and religious minority groups 429
chertkov writes testimonials for Tolstoyans 429
‘golden age of Tolstoyanism’ 430
passionate debates in Moscow 430
organisation of communes 431
at the Congress of Religious Sects 431
executions by firing squad 431
removal from list of bona fide conscientious objectors 431
‘faux Tolstoyans’ 433
arrests for ‘anti-Soviet’ activity 433
archive of manuscripts by and about Tolstoyans 447, 449–50
number left alive in Russia (1978) 447
treatment of Tolstoyans 447–8
Tolstoyans’ refusal to be collectivised 448
journey to Siberia (1931) 448–9
‘Come to Your Senses, Brothers!’ (anti-war petition) 422
‘Help! A Public Appeal Regarding the Caucasian Dukhobors’ (brochure) 378
‘Stop the Fratricide!’ (leaflet) 424
Tomsk, Siberia 444
Tregubov, Ivan 356, 365, 366
Tretyakov, Pavel 228–9
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow 299
Trinity St Sergius Monastery, Sergiev Posad 129, 192, 276, 278, 300
Trollope, Anthony 245–6
The Bertrams 175
The Prime Minister 245
Trotsky, Leon 434, 435, 440
Troyanovsky, Boris 371
Trubetskaya, Gasha 96
Trubetskoy, Vasily 45
Tsarskoye Selo 272
Tsushima, Battle of (1905) 401
Tuckton House, Christchurch, Hampshire (later Dorset) 406
Tula 58, 82, 85, 94, 97, 104, 163, 166, 167, 210, 276, 281, 305, 328, 335, 336, 360, 424
gypsies 90, 94, 96
local government 94
court 305, 324
prison 227, 406, 421
abattoir 334
Tula, Bishop of 279, 386
Tunis Journal 265
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich 105, 125, 131, 151, 167, 229, 281
disappoints T 3
lives in Paris 3, 132
oblique criticism of serfdom 87
attitude to his own land-owning noble class 87
moves abroad 87
relationship with T 119–22, 125, 132, 133, 135, 139, 144, 176, 268–9
relationship with Masha 120, 138–9, 268
a self-confessed Westerniser 121
obituary of Gogol 121–2
imprisonment and exile to his estate 122
allowed to travel again 122
admires George Sand 126
T visits him 130
and T’s gambling 135
devotion to Pauline Viardot 139
and T’s ‘Kholstomer’ 160–61
on War and Peace 178–9
character 178, 274
and Schopenhauer 184
visits T 274, 281–2
and Pushkin celebrations (1880) 282
and T’s Confession 300–301
deathbed letter 304
T on his works 404 Fathers and Sons 144, 147, 164, 176, 219
A Hunter’s Notes 76, 87, 119, 121, 122, 131
Rudin 121, 122
Turgeneva, Varvara Petrovna (née Lutovinova) 151
Turkestan 209
Turkey
Azov campaigns 217
Crimean War (1853–6) 107, 108
Bulgarian atrocities (1876) 177
Turner, Charles 342
Tver province 292, 297, 298
Tyndall, John 195
Tyutchev, Fyodor 120, 137, 247
Tyutcheva, Darya (Dolly) 138
Tyutcheva, Ekaterina (Kitty) 137–8
U
Ukraine 355
Ulyanov, Vladimir see Lenin, Vladimir
Umberto I, King of Italy 346
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe) 109
Unitarians 341
Unity Church 452
Universalists 341
Urusov, Leonid Dmitrievich 305, 314, 322
Urusov, Sergey Semyonovich 181, 182, 184, 191, 206, 211, 259, 281
Urusova, Lidia Sergeyevna 184
V
Vanyusha (Dmitry’s serf) 71
Varlamov, Father Alexey 454
Varsonofy, Father 413
Vasiliev, Vladimir 368
Vasnetsov, Viktor 66
vegetarianism, vegetarians 8, 334, 348, 350, 354, 362, 374, 431, 446
Velichkovsky, Paisy 254–5
Verdi, Giuseppe
Rigoletto 133
La Traviata 221
Vereshchagin, Vasily 178
Verigin, Pyotr 355, 356, 364, 386
Verigin, Vasily 356
Viardot, Pauline 139
Vilna University 70
Virgil 387
Aeneid 162
Vladikavkaz 99
Vladivostock 440
Vnezapnaya fort 102
Vogüé, Vicomte Eugène-Melchior 347
Voice of Truth and Unity (journal) 423
Volga river 69, 78, 99, 127, 208, 211, 298
Volkona river 21
Volkonskaya, Princess Ekaterina (née Trubetskaya
T’s maternal grandmother) 23
Volkonsky, Prince Nikolay Sergeyevich (T’s grandfather) 23, 45, 93, 166
army career 22, 24, 28
and Yasnaya Polyana 22, 24–6, 31, 38
on Catherine the Great’s Crimea tour 22
military governor, Arkhangelsk 22
marriage to Princess Ekaterina Trubetskaya 23, 24
builds Grumant 24
his library 27
treatment of his serfs 27–8, 36
idolised by T 27
takes Maria Nikolayevna to St Petersburg 29
Volkonsky, Prince Sergey Grigorievich 13, 142, 165
Volkonsky, Major General Sergey Fyodorovich (T’s maternal great-grandfather) 22, 40
Volkonsky family 21
Voltaire 27
Voronezh 353, 354
Voronka river 24, 40, 161
Vorontsov, Prince Mikhail 103, 104
Vozdykhantsy (‘Sighers’) 290
W
Wagner, Richard
Parsifal 373
Ring cycle 184, 358, 373
Siegfried 372, 373
Wallachia 107, 108
Wanderers Exhibition, 29th (St Petersburg) 391
Warsaw Uprising (1830) 143
Week, The (periodical) 338
Wells, H. G. 409
Westernisers 7, 87, 105, 121, 125, 216
Whiteway, Cotswolds 406
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 343
Williams, Howard: The Ethics of Diet: A Catena of Authorities Deprecatory of the Practice of Flesh-Eating 333–4
Windsor Castle, Berkshire 204, 371
Winter Palace, St Petersburg 324, 329, 401
Wittgenstein, Ludwig 8, 184, 289
Wokler, Robert 77
World War I
Sasha goes to the front as a nurse 421
Chertkov supports the war effort 422
atrocities of 422
Peace concluded with Germany (March 1918) 424
confirms T’s predictions 430
World War II 444
Wright, Charles 409
X
Xenophon: The Anabasis 190
Y
Yalta, Crimea 208, 323, 381, 394
Yaroshenko, Nikolay: The Student 367
Yasenki (later Zaseka then Yasnaya Polyana) railway station 175, 176, 219, 413, 438–9
Yasnaya Polyana, Tula province
developed by previous owners 24
Volkonsky buys 22
Tolstoy family becomes connected with the estate 21
name 22
Volkonsky’s projects 24–7
T’s birth at 2
T’s beloved home 12, 25, 26, 47, 56