Выбрать главу
The author in 2016 (photograph by Marti Martienssen).

I stayed in New Mexico, continued on with my education, and had a decent enough career in economic research. Not many days go by that I don’t miss being underground though.

As eventually befalls most mining boomtowns, when the ore runs out or the demand for the end product disappears, Grants is a ghost of its former self, having been hard hit by the downturn in uranium prices in the early 1980s, due primarily to imported ore and the cessation of nuclear power plant construction.

Now, with the mines closed and the thousands of miners and their families gone, there are a few boarded up businesses and relatively few vehicles on the streets of Grants. Even so, every time I visit, what I envision driving down First Street or Santa Fe Avenue, is a vibrant community, bumper-to-bumper traffic, the long defunct Iron Blossom full of boisterous miners and a line of vehicles waiting to fill up at the now abandoned Kerr-McGee service station.

Although my former home nearby is long gone, San Rafael appears today as it did during the uranium boom; a beautiful green oasis.

A massive cleanup effort has helped to remediate some of the damage that was done as a result of the mining and milling process, and is ongoing. Most of the land has the look of stunning high desert country once again. It’s difficult to tell from afar there were ever any mines in the area at all.

On the long empty stretches of two lane blacktop, it is a leisurely, scenic drive out to Ambrosia Lake these days. Gone are the thousands of mine employees racing to and from work; the hundreds upon hundreds of vehicles having been replaced only by an occasional traveler now.

The former entranceway to Kermac’s Section 35, and the rutted road beyond remain, but the rusted gate is now closed.

Mining Terminology

Back—The ceiling or roof of an underground opening.

Backfill—Waste material used to fill the void created by mining an ore body.

Block caving—An inexpensive method of mining in which large blocks of ore are undercut, causing the ore to break or cave under its own weight.

Cage—The conveyance used to transport men and equipment between the surface and the mine levels.

Chute—An opening, usually constructed of timber and equipped with a gate, through which ore is drawn from a stope into mine cars.

Development—Underground work carried out for the purpose of opening up a mineral deposit. Includes shaft sinking, crosscutting, drifting, and raising.

Drift—A horizontal underground opening that follows along the length of a vein or rock formation, as opposed to a crosscut, which crosses the rock formation.

Dry—A building where an underground worker changes into working clothes.

Face—The end of a drift, crosscut, or stope in which work is taking place.

Grizzly (or mantle)—A grating, usually constructed of steel rails, placed over the top of a chute or ore pass for the purpose of stopping large pieces of rock or ore that might hang up in the pass.

Hoist—The machine used for raising and lowering the cage or other conveyance in a shaft.

Jackleg—A percussion drill used for drifting or stoping that is mounted on a telescopic leg, which has an extension of about 2.5 meters. The leg and machine are hinged so that the drill need not be in the same direction as the leg.

Lagging—Planks of unfinished lumber that have many uses in a mine.

Manway—An entry used exclusively for personnel to travel from the shaft bottom or drift mouth to the working section; it is always on the intake air side in gassy mines. Also, a small passage at one side or both sides of a breast. It is used as a traveling way for the miner and sometimes as an airway, or chute, or both.

Misfire—The complete or partial failure of a blasting charge to explode as planned.

Raise—Similar to a manway but used mostly for lifting material into a stope.

Rock bolting—The act of supporting openings in rock with steel bolts anchored in holes drilled especially for this purpose.

Skip—A self-dumping bucket used in a shaft for hoisting ore or rock.

Slag—The vitreous mass separated from the fused metals in the smelting process.

Slash—The process of blasting rock from the side of an underground opening to widen the opening.

Station—An enlargement of a shaft made for storing and handling equipment and for driving drifts at that elevation.

Stope—An excavation from which ore has been removed in a series of steps. Usually applied to highly inclined or vertical veins but frequently used as a synonym for room and pillar mining.

Tailings—Material rejected from a mill after most of the recoverable valuable minerals have been extracted.

Tailings pond—A low-lying depression used to confine tailings, the prime function of which is to allow enough time for heavy metals to settle out or for cyanide to be destroyed before water is discharged into the local watershed.

List of Names and Terms

Acoma Pueblo

Ambrosia Lake

Anaconda

back

ballroom

blasting board

Bloomington Country Club

Buchanan, Arnold

Bustos, Manuel

cage

call bell

Cargill, Calvin

Carter, Bob

chute

Clark, Bill

Coal Mine Campground

drift

dry

El Malpais

face

Fort Wingate

Friedt, Al

Garcia, Frankie

Gardner-Denver

Gonzalez, Al

Gonzalez, Anthony

Grants Clinic

Grants Mineral Belt

grants

grizzly

Gulick Hall

headframe

Higgins, Tom

hoist

hoist operator

Homestake Mining

Hornaday, Greg

Illinois State University

Illinois Wesleyan University

Ingersoll-Rand

Iron Blossom

jackleg

James, Tom

Kermac

Kerr-McGee

La Ventana

lagging

Laguna Pueblo

Magill Hall

manway

Martinez, Art

Milan

mining terminology

misfire

Mitchell, Gary

motor

motormen

Mount Taylor

mucker

Navajo Reservation

New Mexico Mining Museum

nitroglycerine

ore car

Ortiz, Daniel

Peters, Jim

Phillips Petroleum

pillar stope

powder

powder box

probes

raise

Ranchers Explorations

Randolph, Boots

rescue board

Riordan, Al

rock bolt

rock drill

roof Jack

San Rafael

Sanchez, Jerry

sand-fill

Schultz, Oscar

self-rescue unit

Shotgun

skip

slusher

slusher bucket

square-set