54. Sée, 182.
55. Renard and Weulersee, Life and Work in Modern Europe, 193.
56. Mantoux, Industrial Revolution, 409.
57. Sée, 165.
58. Taine, 334.
59. Mornet, Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, 28.
60. Parton, II, 184.
61. Lacroix, 228.
62. Ibid., 311.
63. Nussbaum, History of the Economic Institutions of Modern Europe, 124.
64. Jaurès, Histoire socialiste, I, 67.
65. Sée, 151–53.
66. Martin, H., XV, 213.
67. Ibid., 305.
68. Sée, 93.
69. Ducros, 160.
70. Toth, Woman and Rococo in France, 179.
71. Lacroix, 206.
72. Ibid.
73. Goncourts, Madame de Pompadour, 5–7.
74. Desnoiresterres, III, 241.
75. Grimm, Correspondance, VIII, 231–33, in Buckle, I, 539.
76. Saint-Simon in Lacroix, 302.
77. Lacroix, 299.
78. Ducros, 53.
79. Stryienski, Eighteenth Century, 57.
80. Lanfrey, L’Eglise et les philosophes au xviiie siècle, 129.
81. Michelet, V, 277; Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the 18th Century, I, 445.
82. Voltaire, Works, XVIa, 157.
83. Stryienski, 79.
84. Works, XVIa, 158.
85. Martin, H., XV, 256n.
86. Stryienski, 85.
87. Desnoiresterres, II, 336.
88. Martin, H., XV, 251.
89. Saint-Simon, Memoirs, III, 283.
90. Michelet, V, 248.
91. Martin, H., XV, 116n.; Ercole, Gay Court Life, 88.
92. Bearne, Court Painter, 85.
93. Guizot, History of France, V, 78.
94. Goncourts, Pompadour, 9.
95. Michelet, V, 325.
96. Ercole, 167.
97. Lewis, D. B. Wyndham, Four Favorites, 42.
98. Stryienski, 140–41.
99. Webster’s Biographical Dictionary, 833.
100. Brandes, I, 224.
101. Voltaire, Works, XVIb, 224.
102. Carlyle, Thos., History of Friedrich II, IV, 438; Enc. Brit., IX, 454a.
103. Voltaire, XVIb, 238; Martin, H., XV, 282; Stryienski, 148.
104. Voltaire, XVIb, 239.
105. Stryienski, 149.
106. Martin, H., XV, 43 m.
107. Lichtenberger in Martin, K., Rise of French Liberal Thought, 238.
108. Martin, H., XV, 356–58.
109. Lecky, England, V, 327.
110. Goncourts, Pompadour, 12.
111. Michelet, V, 349.
112. Ercole, 197.
113. Goncourts, 117.
114. Ercole, 203.
115. Lewis, Four Favorites, 48.
116. Taine, Ancient Regime, 82.
117. Goncourts, 71.
118. Ibid., 348.
119. Sainte-Beuve, I, 450.
120. Ibid., 451.
121. Michelet, V, 354.
122. Martin, H., XV, 436.
123. Goncourts, 131.
124. Lewis, 50.
125. Ercole, 209.
126. Toth, 165.
127. Goncourts, 127.
128. Du Hausset, Mme., Memoirs of Mme. de Pompadour, 65.
129. Ercole, 220.
130. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 249.
CHAPTER VIII
1. Sée, Economic and Social Conditions, 48 f.
2. Funck-Brentano, L’Ancien Régime, 422.
3. La Fontainerie, French Liberalism and Education, 6.
4. Lacroix, 252.
5. Ibid., 151.
6. 242.
7. 244.
8. Desnoiresterres, III, 133.
9. Créqui, Souvenirs, 57, 121.
10. Ducros, French Society, 83.
11. Chesterfield, Letters, I, 348.
12. Brandes, I, 147.
13. Ibid., 141.
14. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th Century, 187.
15. Ibid., 188.
16. Mornet, Origines intellectuelles de la Révolution française, 53.
17. Funck-Brentano, 50.
18. Ducros, 61.
19. Quoted in Funck-Brentano, 60.
20. Taine, Ancient Regime, 134.
21. Walpole, Letters, I, 309 (Oct. 28, 1752).
22. Toth, 135.
23. Frederick the Great, Mémoires, I, 25.
24. D’Argenson, Mémoires, in Martin, H., XV, 341.
25. Ducros, 342.
26. Mossner, Hume, 92.
27. Köhler, Carl, History of Costume, 340.
28. Créqui, 123.
29. Lacroix, 370.
30. Ducros, 35.
31. Philosophical Dictionary, art. «Lent,» in Works, VIa, 108.
32. Mousnier and Labrousse, Dix-huitième Siècle, 166.
33. Michelet, V, 189.
34. Láng, P. H., Music in Western Civilization, 441.
35. Burney, C., General History of Music, II, 965, 969.
36. Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians, IV, 320d.
37. Burney, II, 970.
38. Diderot, Le Neveu de Rameau.
39. Duclos, C., Considérations sur les moeurs, 13.
40. Goldsmith, O., Miscellaneous Works, 430.
41. Mme. Vigée-Lebrun, Mémoires, I, 156, in Taine, Ancient Regime, 141n.
42. Goncourts, Woman, 317.
43. Marmontel, Memoirs, I, 181.
44. Batiffol, Great Literary Salons, 131.
45. Walpole to Gray, Jan. 25, 1766.
46. Batiffol, 208.
47. Kavanagh, Woman in France during the 18th Century, I, 168.
48. Diderot, «On Women,» in Dialogues, 196.
CHAPTER IX
1. Faniel, S., French Art of the 18th Century, 36.
2. Ibid., 91.
3. Funck-Brentano, 180.
4. Louvre.
5. See the great commode in the Wallace Collection.
6. Dilke, Lady E., French Architects and Sculptors of the 18th Century, 77.
7. Ibid., 81.
8. Louvre.
9. Turner and Baker, Stories of the French Artists, 181.
10. Dijon Museum.
11. Versailles Museum.