12. Louvre.
13. Bearne, Court Painter, 164.
14. Diderot, Salons, I, 9, 114–19.
15. Bearne, 43.
16. Turner, 193.
17. Goncourts, French 18th-Century Painters, 61.
18. Turner, 197.
19. Louvre.
20. Block, François Boucher and the Beauvais Tapestries, 26.
21. Goncourts, French Painters, 69.
22. Seven are in the Huntington Library and Gallery at San Marino, Calif.
23. Ibid.
24. Wallace Collection.
25. Goncourts, French Painters, 91.
26. Ibid., 84.
27. Block, 22.
28. Ridder, Chardin, 8; Goncourts, French Painters, 117.
29. Louvre.
30. Louvre.
31. Louvre.
32. Goncourts, 141–42; Havens, Age of Ideas, 321.
33. Diderot, Salons, III, 4.
34. Goncourts, 177n.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid., 164n.
38. Louvre.
39. St.-Quentin Museum.
40. Dresden.
41. St.-Quentin.
CHAPTER X
1. Duclos, Considérations, 217.
2. Grimm, Correspondance, III, 73.
3. Parton, I, 509.
4. Voltaire, essay «Ancient and Modern Tragedy,» in Works, XIXa, 134.
5. «Discourse on Tragedy,» in Works, XIXb, 181 f.
6. Parton, II, 325.
7. Brandes, I, 72.
8. Edwards, H. S., Idols of the French Stage, 83; Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the 18th Century, I, 170.
9. Michelet, V, 303.
10. Sainte-Beuve, I, 180.
11. Michelet, V, 304.
12. Mitford, N., Madame de Pompadour, 126.
13. Hazard, European Thought in the 18th Century, 260.
14. Marivaux, Vie de Marianne, 3.
15. Crébillon fils, Le Sopha, introd.
16. Le Sopha, 65.
17. Palache, Four Novelists of the Old Regime, 4, 49.
18. Crébillon, Le Sopha, introd.
19. Saintsbury, G., introd. to Prévost’s Manon Lescaut, xliii.
20. Manon Lescaut, 220.
21. Ibid., 10.
22. 57.
23. Faguet, E., Literary History of France, 489.
24. Saintsbury, introd. to Manon Lescaut, ix-xii.
25. Bury, J., History of the Idea of Progress, 135–36; Martin, K., 280.
26. Lichtenberger, A., Le Socialisme et la Révolution française, 73; Martin, H., XV, 335; Martin, K., 62; Hazard, 197.
27. In Martin, K., 61.
28. In Crocker, Age of Crisis, 426–29.
29. Duclos, Considérations, 11–12.
30. Ibid., 17, 21.
31. 27.
32. 25.
33. Toth, 38.
34. La Bruyère and Vauvenargues, Selections, 189.
35. Vauvenargues, Oeuvres choisies, CXV, IV.
36. La Bruyère and Vauvenargues, 179.
37. Vauvenargues, CLXXXVII.
38. Ibid., CLXXXII.
39. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 138–39.
40. Ibid., 30.
41. Vauvenargues, CLXIX.
42. La Bruyère and Vauvenargues, 173.
43. Vauvenargues, CL.
44. Ibid., LVII.
45. CLXXX.
46. CLVII.
47. P. 158.
48. P. 173.
49. Ibid.
50. 310.
51. Voltaire, letter of Apr. 4, 1744, in Martin, H., XV, 407n.
52. Voltaire, XIXa, 43.
53. Sorel, A., Montesquieu, 125.
54. Ibid., 9.
55. 23
56. Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, Book V, Ch. xix.
57. Persian Letters, XXIV.
58. In Sorel, 43.
59. Herodotus, History, IV, 183.
60. Aristotle, Historia animalium, viii, 12.
61. Persian Letters, XII.
62. Letter XXIV.
63. XXIX.
64. CXVIII.
65. CXIII.
66. CXVIII.
67. XXXV.
68. LXXXVI.
69. Sorel, 49.
70. Grandeur et décadence des Romains, introd., vi.
71. Ibid., Ch. xviii.
72. Ch. xii.
73. Ch. xviii.
74. Ch. vi.
75. Ch. xv.
76. Quoted in Faguet, Dix-huitième Siècle, 195.
77. Spirit of Laws, preface.
78. Ibid.
79. Palache, 35.
80. Martin, K., 151.
81. Spirit of Laws, Book I, Ch. iii.
82. Ibid., XIV, i-x.
83. XVI, i-iii.
84. Ibid., xi.
85. Ibid.
86. XIV, v.
87. VIII, xvi-xix.
88. Explanatory notes prefixed by Montesquieu to the second edition.
89. IV, vi.
90. In Sée, H., Idées politiques en France au xviiie siècle, 46.
91. Spirit of Laws, VIII, ii.
92. V, xiii.
93. V, x.
94. XI, vi.
95. Ibid.
96. Ibid.
97. XI, iii.
98. Grandeur et décadence, Ch. vii.
99. Spirit of Laws, XXIII, xxviii.
100. XV, v.
101. X, ii.
102. XIII, xvii.
103. Pensées diverses, in Hearnshaw, Great Thinkers of the Age of Reason, 116.
104. Faguet, Dix-huitième Siècle, 173.
105. Spirit of Laws, XXIV, x.
106. I, i.
107. XII, xxix.
108. In Havens, Age of Ideas, 121.
109. Spirit of Laws, XXIV, ii.
110. Ibid., iii and xxvi.
111. XXIV, v.
112. XXV, V.
113. Ibid., xiii.
114. Ibid., x.
115. Quoted in Faguet, 195.
116. Sorel, 166.
117. Pappas, Berthier’s Journal de Trévoux, 78 f.; Martin, K., 153.
118. Sorel, 163.
119. Martin, K., 168.
120. Sorel, 165.
121. Voltaire, XIXa, 238–39.
122. Philosophical Dictionary, art. «Climate,» in Works, IVa, 204–9.
123. Ibid.
124. Art. «Laws,» in Works, VIa, 104.
125. Art. «Laws, Spirit of,» in Works, VIa, 106–8.
126. Morley, Life of Voltaire, 9.