Richard Sakwa is Professor of Russian and European Politics at the University of Kent, an Associate Fellow at the Royal Institute of International Affairs and author of many scholarly works on Communist and post-Communist Russia, including Frontline Ukraine and Putin: Russia's Choice.
index
accident and sickness insurance 42 Admiralty (British) 209 Agricultural Institute, Omsk 203 Alapaevsky factory 172 Alexander II, Tsar 32, 34, 143, 144, 264 Alexander III, Tsar 32, 60 Alexander Mikhailovich, Grand Duke
('Sandro') 90 Alexandra Feodorovna, Tsarina 60 and the tsar's autocratic power 3, 46 meets Rasputin 50
and assassination attempt on Rasputin 50
and the tsar's mobilisation of his army 62
rumours about her 64, 163-4
rules Russia with Rasputin during First
World War 4, 66-7, 148, 300 detests the Duma 148 and Rasputin's murder 64-5 plots to remove her 67, 68 George V blames her for the abdication
77
in Tobolsk 167
duped by Soloviev 168-9
travels on Yakovlev's train towards
Moscow 170, 171 held in Ekaterinburg 171 see also Romanov dynasty; Romanov family
Alexandrov Gardens, Moscow 191 Alexeev, General Mikhail 68, 72, 74, 77, 90,
96, 107, 150, 210, 215 Alexis, Tsarevich of Russia haemophilia 50, 67, 75, 78, 152 Rasputin's prayers for him 50 Nicholas's abdication in his favour 4, 67, 68, 74-8, 300
Nicholas removes him from the succession 77-9, 86, 87, 90, 152, 170 All power to the Soviets' slogan 93-4, 99,
105, 126, 160, 183 All Russian Provisional Government 7 All-Russia Central Executive Committee
(VTsIK) of the soviets 268, 272 All-Russian Constituent Assembly
(Uchreditel'noe sobranie) 206 Alliluyeva, Svetlana (Stalin's daughter) 258
American Civil War 161 American Embassy, Petrograd 125 Anastasia, Princess (daughter of the king
of Montenegro) 50, 55 anti-clericalism 250, 253, 256 anti-Semitism 180
April Days (20-21 April 1917) 98-9, 107,
159-60, 289 'April Theses' 93-4 Arbatov, Ensign 172 Arkhangelsk 207-8 Armand, Inessa 93 Armenia/Armenians 25, 97, 100 Ascher, Abraham 39 Ashberg, Olof 103 Aurora (Baltic cruiser) 136 Austria-Hungary
turns on its German saviour 16 reaction to assassination of Franz
Ferdinand 17 declares war on Serbia 57, 60, 61 declares war on Russia 62 and socialism 201 Austrian Empire 24 Austro-Hungarian army 91, 102, 103, 201
POWs 205 authoritarianism 22, 270, 281, 297, 298
autocracy in periods of social and economic
change 2 and revolution 2, 293 of Nicholas II 32, 46, 74, 78, 143, 145, 287 remains the model for imperial Russia 66
autocratic authority of the tsars 142-3 and breakdown in food supply 218 monolithic 264 Avdeev, N. 173
Avksentiev, Nikolai 113, 203, 207, 210, 213
Balkan War, First (1912-13) 56, 60, 286
and Rasputin 3, 54-7 Balkan War, Second (1913) 286 Baltic region 15, 16, 40, 201, 216, 217 Baltic Sea 201, 202, 208 Baltic States 202, 294, 295 Bedny, Demyan 191 Belarus 201, 217 Belorussia 236
Benckendorff, Count Alexander 16
Berliner Tageblatt 61
Bezbozhnik (The Militant Atheist) 254
Bieletsky (ex-Minister) 192
Bismarck, Prince Otto von 33, 46, 286
Bitlis (former Ottoman vilayet) 100
Black Book, The 249, 250
Black Hundreds 14, 254
Black Princesses 50
Black Sea 101, 102, 202, 216
Blok, Alexander 65, 165
'Bloody Sunday' (9 January 1905) 2-3,
144-5, 149
Bogdanovich, Alexandra 44-5 Bogrov, Dmitry 29, 32, 36-7 Bogrov family 37
Boldyrev, General Vasily G. 203, 210, 215 Bologoe 73
Bolshevik Central Committee 94, 99, 124, 129-32, 140-41, 187 Bolshevik Military Organisation 99, 131 'Bolshevik Reformation' 244
Bolsheviks and tsarism 1 Lenin's creation of 288 influence in the Soviets 4 Lenin builds up Red Guards 4 weakening of Russian army forces 4 abortive putsch (July Days) 4-5, 104-5, 106, 109, 110, 127-8, 131, 154 Kerensky releases recently arrested
Bolsheviks 5, 106 and the Petrograd Soviet 5, 113, 126, 129, 133, 151
rumours of plans to seize power 112-15, 118, 132 size of the party 268 takeover of power see October
Revolution and Constituent Assembly elections 6,
155, 183
fights with the Whites 6
has the Romanov family killed 6
and November 1917 elections 6
opposition to 7
peasant support 7
'War Communism' 7-8, 196-7
and the Church 8
cynicism and ruthlessness 159
Jacobin 167, 168
at Ekaterinburg 170, 171
panic and fear in response to shooting of
Lenin 194 hardening in Bolshevik mentality 194,
199
seventy years of communist autocracy
199
victory in Civil War (1922) 7, 26 Bolshevism 161, 197, 275, 297
seen as offering Russia a bright new
future 1 hostility to the Church 8, 249 German toleration of 26, 27 lynching of Russian naval officers
opposed to Bolshevism 102 Justice Ministry prepares to discredit Bolshevism forever 105
and Provisional Government's treatment
of Kornilov 121-2 SRs eclipsed and destroyed by 180-81 Allies' programme 201 Kolchak's aim 204
and church valuable confiscation 254 pluralistic 263, 277, 280 Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow 112 Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir 30 Days 175 'On Rasputin' 52-3 Borgia, Cesare 290 Bosphorus 96, 97, 101, 202 Botkin, Evgeny 167, 173 Botkina, Tatiana 167, 169 bourzhoui ('bourgeois parasites') 196 Bradley, Joseph 264
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (March 1918) 7, 18,
19, 26, 108, 171, 201, 206-7, 241, 270, 271 Brewster, Robert D. 59 Britain
growing detente with Berlin and distrust
of Russia by 1914 18 if Britain had been neutral in the First
World War 18 George V compelled to refuse hospitality to Nicholas 164 refuses to sign a military alliance with
France 24 support of White armies against the
Bolsheviks 187 and Kaplan's assassination attempt on
Lenin 178, 188-92 post-war Russia policy of War Cabinet 202
and Arkhangelsk government 207-8 'strong man' rule in Second World War 161
British Agent (film) 191
British Army 210
British Embassy, Petrograd 188
British Empire 17, 21-2
British intelligence 178, 188
Brusilov, General 76, 107
Buchanan, Ambassador George 77
Bukharin, Nikolai 198, 269, 270, 281, 282 Bukharin, Nikolai and Preobrazhensky, Yevgeny: The ABC of Communism 273 Buler, Baron Alexei Pavlovich von 176 Bulgaria/Bulgarians 54, 55, 56 Bulow, Bernhard von 14 bureaucracy 276-7 the tsar's distrust of 34 state 94 Petersburg 146 and the Duma leadership 150 food supply (Narkomprod) 227 rise of 272 rampant 273 Lenin on 274 Kamenev on 275 Leninist-Stalinist 279 'Burschujs' 65
Cafe du Croissant, Paris: assassination of
Jean Jaures 51 Cantacuzene, Princess 80 capitalism 197, 267, 271, 281, 293 Cathedral of Christ Redeemer, Moscow 258
Catherine Cathedral, Tsarskoe Selo 249 Catherine the Great 31, 143 Catholicism 260 Caucasus 22, 76, 202, 210, 236 Ceausescu, Nicolae 291 censorship 43, 143, 145 Central Powers 91, 98, 101, 204, 207, 209, 215, 217, 287
and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 7, 201 Chaikovsky, Nikolai Vasil'evich 207 Chechnya 295, 297 Cheka, the 284 establishment of (December 1917) 6, 156,
269, 290 in Ekaterinburg 172 false White Guard conspiracy 174-5 myths of groups organised to liberate
imperial family 176 and questioning of Kaplan 184, 186-7
and British involvement in attack on
Lenin 188, 189, 191 Red Terror 7, 193, 198 and grain procurement 234-5 and 'raiding banditry' 236, 238 Kamenev condemns its excesses 275 Chekhov, Anton 159, 300 Chelyabinsk province 172, 237 Chemin-des-Dames mutinies (May 1917) 107 Chernov, Viktor 95, 99, 105, 107, 111, 113, 208, 213, 290 Chernov Manifesto 208, 212 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai: What Is To Be