St Petersburg renamed 3 Alexandra and Rasputin rule in 66-7, 300 bread riots (February 1917) 4 in February Revolution see February
Revolution Lenin returns in disguise 5, 25 storming of the Winter Palace 5, 136, 137 Kerensky's forces defeated by Red
Guards 139 closure of house churches 247 churches' 'certificates of protection' 248 differences between Petrograd and
Moscow 265-6 see also Leningrad; St Petersburg Petrograd Pravda 244, 245, 252 Petrograd garrison 103, 105, 106-7, 114,
124-5, 139, 149, 164, 289
Petrograd Museums Department 248 Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies 97, 127, 132, 255, 256 represents the Petrograd mob 151 in no position to form 'a people's
government' 73-4 and the Provisional Government 4, 5, 86,
151, 152, 153, 165 negotiations with Duma after the tsar's abdication 77
and Michael's abdication 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 90
Executive Committee (Ispolkom) 93,
94, 104, 111
Order No. 1 93, 101, 107, 111 Committee 129, 130-31 housed in Tauride Palace 104 petition demanding that it should take
power 104-5 and the army 107
and the Bolsheviks 5, 113, 126, 129, 133, 151 warns against staging an uprising before
the Soviet Congress 131 Lenin's lie that Provisional Government
overthrown 136 competes for power with the Duma
150-51
dialogue with Metropolitan Veniamin 252
retreat to a hard-line position (1922) 252 and confiscation of church valuables 255, 256 Picot, Georges 96, 100 Pipes, Richard 105, 280 Platten, Fritz 93
Plekhanov, Georgy 144, 266, 280
The Development of the Monist View of
History 266 'On Lenin's Theses and Why Deliriums Are Occasionally Interesting' 94 plenipotentiary assemblies (Sobranie
Upolnomochennykh) 271 pluralism 262, 263-4, 266, 268, 282 cultural 242 intra-party 262 Bolshevik 263, 264, 283 struggle for pluralism within the
revolution 263-4, 268 public sphere 264
pluralistic conception of politics 266 Pobedonostsev, K. P. 32 Podvoisky, N. I. 99, 136 Pokrovskoe, western Siberia 48, 49, 50, 57, 65 Pokrovsky, N. N. 96 Pol Pot 291
Polan 273 Poland
and Hermogen 166 and Stolypin 35 uprisings in 145
independence issue 14, 267, 294, 295 and a German-dominated eastern
Europe 23-4 dispute with Ukraine over ownership of
eastern Galicia 24 'reunification' 98 occupation of 201
Soviet government seeks a way out of war 218
fiasco of Western 'assistance' in 1939 and
1944-45 27 and arrest of Catholic priests 259 police, Lenin demands abolition of 94 Police Department of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs 13 political reform 3, 46, 181, 277 Poltava, Battle of (1709) 37 Poruchikov (chairman of a district soviet) 226-7
Pottier, Eugene: 'Internationale' 92 Prague Spring (1968) 263 Pravda (Bolshevik party organ) 93, 94, 98, 105, 186, 222 Preobrazhensky, Yevgeny 270, 273 Price, Morgan Philips 97, 194-5 Princip, Gavrilo 51, 286 Prolektul't 258 property rights 256, 266 proportional representation 153 Protopopov, Alexander 60, 71, 185 Provisional All-Russian Government (PA-RG) 202, 216, 217 evolution of Komuch into 206 claim to be the legitimate government of
Russia 200 executive modelled on that of French
Revolution 203 and the British Foreign Office 215 Council of Ministers (Sovet ministrov) 203, 208, 210
Directory (Direktoriia) 200, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 217 Provisional Government
and the February Revolution 181
and the tsar's abdication 4, 287
and the Petrograd Soviet 4, 5, 86, 151, 152,
153, 165, 297
lacks legitimacy 151, 287 and Michael's abdication 79-80, 86-90 eight-point programme 152 and the Constituent Assembly 152-3, 155, 160, 161, 183 release of Khionya Guseva 50 and disintegration of Russia's armed
forces 110 and Lenin 4, 93, 95, 98-9, 106 and 'July Days' 154 and Kornilov crisis 110, 111, 113, 115, 118-22, 125 resignation of cabinet (August 1917) 118 Kerensky takes over 5 Soviets intend to replace it with a
socialist coalition 5, 124, 127 and the Soviet Congress 133 and the October 1917 Bolshevik coup
135, 136, 154, 209
and elections for the Assembly 159 Investigatory Commission 164 and the Jacobin Bolsheviks 167 and democracy 183 Pskov 73, 74, 76, 78, 79, 80, 90 Pugachev, Emelian 226 Purishkevich, Vladimir 163-4 Pushkin, Alexander 30, 301 Putilov factories 68 Putin, Vladimir 3, 31, 297 Putyatina, Princess 80, 83, 84
Radek, Karl 93, 106, 270-71
'raiding banditry' 236, 238
Rakhia, Eino 123
Raskolnikov, Fyodor 104
raspalos (collapse of government) 204
Rasputin, Grigori 3, 163, 166, 168, 287
background and early years 50 introduced to the tsar 50 advises the tsar 46-7 and First Balkan War 3, 54-7 attacked by Khionya Guseva 48-52, 57 pacifism 53
tries to stop the tsar going to war (1914)
3, 57-60
committed to victory after war declared 62-3, 64
rumours of his preparing to enlist 63-4 rumours of his being a secret agent for
Germany 64 rules Russia with the tsarina during First
World War 4, 67, 148, 300 murdered (1916) 64-5, 67 Russian views on 51 Alexandra's expectations of a 'Mighty
Host' to help her 168, 169 in the Russian tradition of the 'yurodiviy' (holy man) 301 Rasputin, Matryona 50, 57, 59 razverstka 7-8, 224, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232,
233, 239-42
Red Army 216
and reassertion of control over
borderlands (1918) 201 and Komuch forces 206 Whites become more of a threat to 217 demobilisation of 222, 238 Revolutionary Military Council of the
3rd Red Army 223 conscription 235
uses poisonous gas to smoke out rebels 238 Red Guards built up by Lenin on the streets 4 on the eve of the October Soviet
Congress 123-4 Constituent Assembly closed down
(January 1918) 6 fight Kerensky's forces in Petrograd and
Moscow 139 in Tobolsk 169 in Ekaterinburg 172
and destruction of church property 249 'Red Professorate' 258 Red Terror (1917-18) 1, 7, 141, 178, 269, 291 reprisals for attempted assassination of
Lenin 192, 195 Sverdlov announces opening of the
campaign 192-3 'troika' of secret policemen 193 murder of political prisoners 194 execution of 'class enemies' 194-5, 196 Lenin's fanaticism 195 purpose of 195 brain drain 196 attack on the workers 196 forced labour 197
Kamenev condemns practices of 275 Reilly, Sidney 188, 189, 191 'religious associations' all-out assault on 245 regarded by Soviet officials as bastions
of privilege 246 milked for financial contributions 246 denied access to state resources for
repairs 246 show trials 246, 247, 258 'religious cults' 246, 251, 260 'Renovationist' movement
(Obnovlencheskoe) 246 Revel (Tallinn), Estonia 202 Revolution and the Church (journal) 251 Riazanov, David 241 Riga, Latvia 15, 126 Right SRs 140, 188
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai: The Tale of Tsar Saltan 36
Rodzyanko, Mikhail 54, 62, 69, 70, 71, 74-7,
79-83, 90, 150, 152, 290, 300 Rogovsky, E. F. 203 Romania 102 Romanov, Grigory 263 Romanov dynasty 285, 286, 293-4 Rasputin tries to save 64 and Rasputin's murder 65 no intent to bring it down 67 destruction of 4, 66, 90
tercentenary celebrations (1913) 294 Romanov family 59, 66, 106, 164-77, 287 Romm, Mikhail 180 Rosen, Baron Roman 60 Rosmer, Alfred 274 Rossiya television station 30 Rozanov, Vasily 43, 176, 196 Russia
emancipation of serfs (1861) 32, 33, 34 modernising of 1
socialism seen as offering a bright new future 1
tradition of state-dominated tyranny 1 constitution (1905) 13 disintegration 14, 16, 18, 19, 66 importance of Russian power to French security and the European balance 15 ethnic Germans in 15 growing antagonism between Germany