“How so?”
“Look, take a bunch of… I dunno, a bunch of wolves, right? They’re all competing for the same resources, the same food. Well, if you and your close relatives outnumber them—if you squeeze the other wolves off the fertile land or keep them from getting access to prey, they die out, and you survive. That’s evolution: survival of the fittest, and it works so long as numerical superiority is all that counts. But as soon as you become a truly technological species, evolution doesn’t provide the right… um, what’s that word?”
“Paradigm?” suggested Matt.
She kissed him as his reward. “Exactly! The right paradigm! If there are a hundred of you and your close relatives and only one of the guy who you’ve been squeezing out, but he’s got a machine gun and you don’t, he wins; he just blows you all away.”
“Ah,” said Matt in a teasing tone. “You’re not packing heat now, are you?”
Caitlin thought about saying, “I’m not the one who’s packing,” but she couldn’t quite get the words out. So instead she said, “No. Us blind Americans tend to prefer hand grenades—they don’t require a precise aim.”
Matt tightened his arms around her waist. “Good to know.”
“But, in fact, that is the point: it doesn’t have to be guns. Any technology that allows you to take out large numbers of your competitors changes the whole evolutionary equation. And… ah! Yes! And that’s why sophisticated consciousness evolved, why it was selected for. Consciousness has survival value because it lets you override your genetic programming. Instead of mindlessly squeezing out those who aren’t like you—pushing them back to the point where they retaliate with their weapons—consciousness lets you decide not to squeeze them further. It lets us say to our genes, hey, give this guy who isn’t our close relative a chance, too—because that way he’s not going to feel a need to come after us while we’re sleeping. Making sure that only your own family is well-off is an advantage only when those who aren’t well-off can’t hurt you.”
Matt was slowly getting bolder. He brought his face close to hers and kissed her, then said: “That makes sense. I mean, it’s usually not happy people who lash out with terrorism or try to take their neighbor’s land.”
“Exactly! Those things are done by the desperate, or the forgotten, or—I don’t know—the envious. By eliminating poverty—by improving conditions half a world away—you do make yourself safer. Selfish genes could never come to that conclusion, but to a conscious mind it’s…” She paused, then allowed herself a grin. “…blindingly obvious.”
Matt kissed her again, then said, “I read a novel a couple of years ago that had this discussion of a scientist named Benjamin Libet. I thought the author was making it all up, but I googled it and it was true: Libet noticed that our bodies start to do things about a fifth of a second before our conscious minds become aware of the action. Get it? The body starts doing things first, unconsciously; consciousness doesn’t initiate the action, it just vetoes actions that it realizes are dangerous or inappropriate.”
“Really?” said Caitlin, leaning back again so she could see his face. “Wow, I didn’t know that.”
“But that would be proof of what you’re saying,” Matt said. “Consciousness’s role is to stop us doing things that we’d otherwise mindlessly do.”
“That’s cool. And I really do think that’s what’s happening. Dr. Kuroda told me that Japan is governed by something called the Pacifist Constitution, did you know that?”
Matt shook his head. “No.”
She snuggled in closer to him now, and he began gently stroking her back between her shoulders.
“There’s a huge difference in Japan before and after World War II,” she said. “Before, they thought they could take over the world; after, they simply gave that up—or, perhaps more precisely, they started vetoing what their selfish genes wanted them to do. They said ‘no more, never again’: better to live and let live than push the rest of the world so hard that the world decides to wipe you out.”
Matt nodded. “I guess you can’t have a couple of nukes dropped on you without thinking, hey, maybe I should stop pissing everybody off.”
“Exactly!” said Caitlin. “And look at the European Union: these countries that had been fighting wars with each other for, like, ever, suddenly also decided, ‘No more, never again.’ They just stopped letting their genetic programming drive them. They decided—these whole countries: Spain and France and Germany and Italy and England and Belgium, and all the rest—they decided that there was more survival value in ignoring kin selection, in getting along with everyone, than there was in letting their selfish genes control their actions.”
“Hmm,” said Matt. His hand was now higher up, stroking the bare skin on the back of her neck. “I think we’ve got some of that here in Canada. Remember the Tim Hortons sign? And the Wendy’s sign with the maple leaf instead of an apostrophe? The French and the English in this country are always going to be—well, the phrase is ‘two solitudes,’ after a famous Canadian novel on that theme.”
Caitlin smiled. The notion of a famous Canadian novel struck her as a bit of an oxymoron. But she let Matt go on. “Rather than pushing them, and fighting them, we—English Canada—said, okay, what will make you happy? And we did it. What’s a few apostrophes here and there? No skin off our noses.”
She lifted her head. “I thought they were going to leave.”
“Who? Quebec?”
“Uh-huh.”
“Leave and go where? You can’t move Quebec, you know. Separatism is dead—it’s like being a Leafs fan: it’s something you do for fun, not because you think you’re ever going to win.” He smiled. “I guess maybe we in Canada have grown up, too.”
Caitlin kissed him again. “The whole world is growing up.”
“But why now?” asked Matt, when their lips separated. “We’ve been conscious for tens of thousands of years, right? Why now?
“Did you ever read The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind?”
“You’re making that title up,” Matt said, smiling.
“I’m not. Bashira’s dad—Dr. Hameed—suggested I read it, and it was awesome. But, anyway, its author, Julian Jaynes, says we weren’t really conscious until three thousand years ago, when our left and right hemispheres started thinking as one. So, maybe we’ve just finally reached the stage where we can do this.”
She shifted again in his lap, and went on. “Or maybe it’s just that it’s really only in the past century—or less!—that random individuals have been able to hurt or kill large numbers of us, so it’s only now that it makes sense to not want to piss them off. After all, we’re talking about a conscious decision to cooperate instead of compete. And, hey, it’s interesting that we have that phrase, isn’t it? ‘Conscious decision’—as if we innately knew that most decisions aren’t.”
“You are a genius,” Matt said, smiling.
“Is that a line?” she asked.
“No,” he murmured. “A line is the path traced by a moving point.” She laughed and kissed him again, their tongues intertwining. When they at last pulled apart, she said, “Anyway, to get back to where we started, dual citizenship is a wonderful thing—the more places you think of as home, the better. I mean, what I’d give for an EU passport! To be able to live and work anywhere over there: to study at Oxford, or the Sorbonne, to work at CERN.”