FOR FURTHER READING
Biographies and Works of Biographical Interest
Easson, Angus. Elizabeth Gaskell. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 19 7 9 .
Foster, Shirley. Elizabeth Gaskelclass="underline" A Literary Life. Basingstoke and New York: Pal-grave Macmillan, 2002.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. The Letters of Mrs. Gaskell. Edited by J. A. V. Chapple and Arthur Pollard. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1966.
. The Life of Charlotte Brontë. Edited by Jenny Uglow with revisions by Graham Handley. London: Everyman, 1997.
Gérin, Winifred. Elizabeth Gaskelclass="underline" A Biography. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.
James, Henry. “Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell.” In Literary Criticism: Volume 1: Essays on Literature, American Writers, and English Writers, edited by Leon Edel. New York: Library of America, 1984.
Uglow, Jenny. Elizabeth Gaskelclass="underline" A Habit of Stories. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1993.
Critical Studies
Craik, W A. Elizabeth Gaskell and the English Provincial Novel. London: Methuen, 1975.
D’Albertis, Deirdre. Dissembling Fictions: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Victorian Social Text. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997.
Flint, Kate. Elizabeth Gaskell. Plymouth, UK: Northcote House, 1995.
Langland, Elizabeth. Nobody’s Angels: Middle-Class Women and Domestic Ideology in Victorian Culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Homans, Margaret. Bearing the Word: Language and Female Experience in Nineteenth-Century Women’s Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Lansbury, Coral. Elizabeth Gaskell. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1984.
Schor, Hilary M. Scheherezade in the Marketplace: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Victorian Novel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Stoneman, Patsy. Elizabeth Gaskell. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.
Wright, Terence R. Elizabeth Gaskell “We are not Angels”: Realism, Gender, Values. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan Press, 1995.
Online Resources
The following is an excellent Web site dedicated to Elizabeth Gaskelclass="underline" http://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/gaskell.html. The site is well-maintained and thorough, with a very good bibliography, links to e-texts of Gaskell’s work, and biographical information. It is the work of Mitsuhara Matsuoka, a scholar from Nagoya University in Japan.
Other Works Cited in the Introduction
David, Deirdre, ed. Cambridge Companion to the Victorian Novel. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Helsinger, Elizabeth K., Robin Lauterbach Sheets, and William Veeder, eds. The Woman Question: Society and Literature in Britain and America 1837-1883. New York: Garland, 1983.
Richetti, John, ed. The Columbia History of the British Novel. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
Tucker, Herbert F., ed. A Companion to Victorian Literature and Culture. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.
Watt, Ian P. The Rise of the Noveclass="underline" Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.
a
Scottish or northern English dialect for suffocated, stifled, smothered.
b
Decorative folds of ribbon, fabric, or lace resembling a row of quills.
c
In the order of precedence among titled aristocracy, earl and countess come between viscount and marquis.
d
In England the train was introduced and rapidly spread in the 1830s.
e
Term for Parisian working-class republicans during the French Revolution.
f
Proper name for the common plant known as the sundew.
g
That is, sit wedged between two others in a seat meant for two.
h
Artificial flowers.
i
Outdoor flight of stairs leading up to an entrance.
j
Novel by Samuel Richardson published in 1753-1754; the hero comes to signify gentlemanliness.
k
Rankings of the English titled aristocracy, known as “the peerage.”
l
Physician’s office and examining rooms.
m
Concealed love; from Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night (act 2, scene 4).
n
Britain was engaged in the Napoleonic Wars against France (1800-1815).
o
The doctrines of the Church of England.
p
“Squire” is a term of regard for the foremost landowner of a borough or community.
q
Slang for having been failed in the final examinations.
r
Booby prize presented to the man coming in last in math.
s
One of the colleges at Cambridge University.
t
Or Punjab; region in British India, now between India and Pakistan.
u
Written in Latin, a prescription consisting of modesty, domestic fidelity, and deference; mix in water and take three times a day.
v
Female allegorical figure of truth, usually understood also as a symbol of the Church of England, in Edward Spenser’s The Faerie Queene (1590).
w
In Greek mythology, Scylla and Charybdis were two monsters who lived on either side of the straits of Messina; in trying to avoid one, sailors often found themselves threatened by the other.
x
Felicia Hemans (1793-1835), a contemporary popular poet.
y
Scholarship; one of two prizes awarded for classics and English poetry.
z
Important, widely read journal (1769-1862) that supported reform.
aa
Walking stick that doubled as a digging implement. ‡Starting in 1784, a tax on houses having seven or more windows.
ab
Novel by Walter Scott, published in 1819, that foreshadows Molly’s capacity for faithfulness.
ac
Natural Sciences would be established as a course of study at Cambridge in 1848.
ad
Alfred the Great (849-899), king of Wessex (871-899), considered the first king of England.
ae
Highly contagious, sometimes fatal disease associated with nineteenth-century childhood mortality.
af
Woe to the vanquished (Latin).
ag
Problem that seems to have no resolution.
ah
From outside (Latin).
ai
Cynthia is a name for the moon, which forebodes the character’s inconstancy in love.
aj
Intimate meeting of two people (French).
ak
Tool for collecting natural specimens in water.
al
That is, between teacher/mentor and student; in Homer’s Odyssey, when Odysseus departed for the Trojan War, he left his son Telemachus in the care of Mentor.
am
That is, unceremoniously; a colloquial early-nineteenth-century expression.
an
Wrapping paper used to protect objects.
ao
Dates that mark the start of hunting seasons: August 12 for grouse, September 1 for partridge.
ap
To debut—that is, be introduced into society as a marriageable girl.
aq
Popular novelist Maria Edgeworth (1767-1849).
ar
The hero of Walter Scott’s novel of the same name (1819).
as
Flourish or embellishment (French).
at
Warwickshire dialect for unfamiliar and thus unpleasant.
au
Bound by law to pass intact to the male heir; that is, it is a secure inheritance.